Newsletter - Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences

ISSUE 50

AABC - Volume 93 Suppl. 3 2021

I am very happy to present the 50th edition of the Newsletter of the Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (AABC)! This initiative has started in September of 2013 with the purpose to provide visibility to the articles published by the AABC.

The present issue has a total of 65 papers in 13 of the 16 fields of the AABC. As usual, Ecosystems (18) has received the most contributions, followed by Microbiology (17) and Cellular and Molecular Biology (9). There are also articles in Mathematical Sciences (4), Social Sciences (4), Biomedical Sciences (2), Health Sciences (2), Crop Science (2), Engineering Sciences (2), Forestry Science (2), Physical Sciences (1), Animal Science (1) and Soil Science (1).

There is a great variety of studies, and it is always very hard to point out the highlights. In Ecosystems, there are contributions on the diversity of the snake fauna in a neotropical region of Brazil, a method to establish risk of invasive coral, and several studies on the population structure with focus on conservation of endangered species.

Papers in Microbiology published here address questions regarding bioprospection of marine fungi and their application, the use of essential oil against fish pathogens, molecular pattern of biofilm, and the molecular characterization of viruses that are associated to leaf curl diseases.

Among the articles of Cellular and Molecular Biology, there is an interesting paper discussing medicinal plants recovered from the Cerrado Biome and the behavior and cytogenetic features of an ectoparasite from Argentina.

Other articles that can be found in this issue deal with obesity and diabetes (Biomedical Sciences), Spanish Flu and COVID-19 (Health Sciences), attitudes of traditional fishing communities about shrimp preservation and the increasing asymmetry of publication regarding the involved parties (Social Sciences).

The reader might also get interested in the Editorial Note that presents the rationale of the Editorial Board of the AABC to subdivide several fields.

Please keep in mind that since 2000 all papers published by the AABC can be downloaded free of charge at the SciELO site and previous editions of the Newsletter are available at the ABC website- feel free to send them to your colleagues and students.
We are now inviting you to scroll through the text and click on the title of the article that interests you!

Alexander W. A. Kellner
Editor-in-Chief

MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

1- Codimension one distributions and stable rank 2 reflexive sheaves on threefolds

OMEGAR CALVO-ANDRADE, MAURÍCIO CORRÊA & MARCOS JARDIM

Codimension one distributions with at most isolated singularities on certain smooth projective threefolds with Picard rank one have stable tangent sheaves. Ideas are then applied to the characterization of irreducible components of the moduli space of stable rank 2 reflexive sheaves on P3, and to the construction of stable rank 2 reflexive sheaves. We also prove that if G is a subfoliation of a codimension one distribution F with isolated singularities, then Sing(G ) is a curve. We decide whether G is globally given as the intersection of F with another codimension one distribution. We determine the number of connected components of the pure 1-dimensional component of the singular scheme.

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2- Holomorphic vector fields tangent to foliations in dimension three

DANÚBIA JUNCA & ROGÉRIO MOL

We consider a singular holomorphic vector field in a neighborhood of 0∈C³ and suppose that there is a singular holomorphic foliation of codimension one (outside its singular set,given by a holomorphic decomposition of this neighborhood into complex surfaces, called leaves) to which it is tangent. This means that, when both objects are non-singular, theorbits of the vector field are contained in the leaves of the foliation. First we consider the desingularizations of both objects, trying to relate their final models. Then we analyse the situation where the vector field is tangent to three independent foliations.

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3- On Posterior Properties of the Two Parameter Gamma Family of Distributions

PEDRO L. RAMOS, DIPAK K. DEY, FRANCISCO LOUZADA & EDUARDO RAMOS

The use of Bayesian methods has become standard in advanced statistical analysis. In this context, the selection of prior distributions has a key role. Many objective priors provide a practical way to conduct Bayesian inference. However, most of these priors may lead to improper posteriors. This study discusses sufficient conditions where objective priors lead to proper posteriors for the important gamma distribution. Hence, the obtained results can be applied to fit many real problems using this important distribution.

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4- Height estimates and half-space theorems for hypersurfaces in product spaces of the type  R × Mⁿ

EUDES L. DE LIMA & HENRIQUE F. DE LIMA

Height estimates and half-space theorems are given for a class of hypersurfaces immersed into a product space RxMⁿ, the so-called generalized linear Weingarten hypersurfaces, which extends that one having some constant higher order mean curvature.

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PHYSICAL SCIENCES

5- Analysis of the size of Solar system close to the state with zero total angular momentum via Sundman’s inequality

SERGEY ERSHKOV & DMYTRO LESHCHENKO

This is absolutely new ansatz for applying analysis of Sundman's inequality in estimating the moment of inertia of Solar system with help of Lagrange-Jacobi relation, under additional assumption of almost zero total angular momentum for Solar system (case of almost constant total angular momentum will be reported in a future).

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

6- Major triterpenoids from Eucalyptus tereticornis have enhanced beneficial effects in cellular models when mixed with minor compounds present in raw extract 

LAURA I. BETANCUR, DIANA L. MUÑOZ, ALIS GUILLEN, LUIS F. ECHEVERRI, NORMAN BALCAZAR & SERGIO ACÍN

New effective treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes are necessary. Previously, we demonstrated that a natural extract from Eucalyptus tereticornis (OBE100) has anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. The major compounds identified in OBE100 are ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid lactone. This current study compared the biological effect produced by OBE100 with five different reconstituted mixtures of these triterpenoids. OBE100 treatment presented improved anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and hypolipogenic properties. OBE100 was less toxic and reduced reactive oxygen species production. The proven beneficial properties of triterpenoids may be enhanced due to the interaction with minor secondary metabolites present in OBE100.

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7- Sulfur Dioxide Derivative Prevents the Prolongation of Action Potential During the Isoproterenol-Induced Hypertrophy of Rat Cardiomyocytes

UĞUR DALAMAN, HASAN ÖZDOĞAN, AHMET K. SIRCAN, SEVGI A. ŞENGÜL & NAZMI YARAŞ

Despite the fact that sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is an environmental pollutant and cause of serious health problem in the heart, liver, and brain, SO₂ can also be generated in living organisms including mammals from the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. This endogenous compound and its derivatives can alleviate various cardiovascular diseases. On the contrary, decrease of SO₂ under physiological level may cause problem in electrical function of the heart. This study put forth that SO₂ supplementation prevents the altered excitation and contraction of heart cells in the hypertrophic heart disease, besides it has modulatory effect on heart function.

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HEALTH SCIENCES

8- From Spanish Flu to Syndemic COVID-19: longstanding sanitarian vulnerability of Manaus, warnings from the Brazilian rainforest gateway

SÉRVIO P. RIBEIRO, ALEXANDRE B. REIS, WESLEY DÁTTILO, ALCIDES V.C. DE CASTRO E SILVA, EDUARDO AUGUSTO G. BARBOSA, WENDEL COURAVITAL, ARISTÓTELES GÓES-NETO, VASCO A.C. AZEVEDO & GERALDO WILSON FERNANDES

Disproportionate Influenza and COVI -19 pandemics hit  Manaus. Sanitarian problems, centrality in the airway network, misleading governance were the culprit. We modelled COVID-19 left to evolve naturally and found that without intervention outbreaks might perdure 5.4 years, when selection of more transmissible and less lethal variants prevails. Transient collective immunity, due to clustered communities, diminish mortality but increases exposure to susceptible individuals, favouring highly transmissible variants and intermediate highly lethal stage in pandemic evolution. For Influenza, unnoticed and longer epidemic happened in the interior and suburbs, as Manaus became a source of infected people. The same may happen to COVID-19, with high risks for Native people.

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9- The Physical Capacity of Rowing Athletes Cannot Reverse the Influence of Age on Heart Rate Variability during Orthostatic Stress

GABRIEL D. RODRIGUES, JONAS L. GURGEL, THIAGO R. GONÇALVES & PEDRO PAULO DA S. SOARES

Our hypothesis is that high physical capacity of athletes cannot reverse back the influence of age on heart rate variability (HRV). Young athletes (YA), young non-athletes (YNA), middle-aged athletes (MA), and middle-aged non-athletes (MNA) participated. HRV was analyzed during supine (SUP) and orthostatic (ORT) position, to obtain the power of the high (HF) and low frequency (LF) spectral components. The %∆HRV [(ORT – SUP)/SUP)] was calculated. %ΔHF were greater in YA than in YNA, MA, and MNA, while %ΔLF was not different among groups. Therefore, physical capacity may not reverse completely the aged-effects on HRV in healthy individuals.

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CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

10- Development of novel SSR molecular markers using a Next-Generation Sequencing approach (ddRADseq) in Stetsonia coryne (Cactaceae)

ANGELA VERÓNICA GUTIÉRREZ, CARLA VALERIA FILIPPI, NATALIA CRISTINA AGUIRRE, ANDREA FABIANA PUEBLA, CINTIA VANESA ACUÑA, GISEL MARÍA TABOADA & FRANCISCO PABLO ORTEGA-BAES

Stetsonia Coryne is an emblematic giant columnar cacti of the Chaco phytogeographic province. It has an extensive geographical distribution in many countries It of the continent. However, to date there are no specific molecular markers for this species, neither reports of population genetic variability studies. In this work, by applying a Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) technique, we developed polymorphic SSR markers for the Stetsonia coryne and evaluated their transferability to phylogenetically close species, in order to account for a robust panel of molecular markers for multispecies-studies within Cactaceae.

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11- State of the art in cytogenetics, insights into chromosome number evolution, and new C-value reports for the fern family Gleicheniaceae

LUCAS VIEIRA LIMA, SAULO MARÇAL DE SOUSA, THAÍS ELIAS ALMEIDA & ALEXANDRE SALINO

This manuscript is the first contribution to Gleicheniaceae cytogenetics state of art. Here we provide a compilation of the published chromosome counts, new DNA c-values data and a hypothesis of ancestral chromosome numbers. We hope to shed light into Gleicheniaceae cytogenetics and to test early hypothesis of chromosome evolution of the family genera in a phylogenetic framework.

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12- Multibiomarker responses in Danio rerio after exposure to sediment spiked with triclosan

EMANUEL SAGER, ANDREA ROSSI, TOMÁS MAC LOUGHLIN, DAMIÁN MARINO & FERNANDO DE LA TORRE

Triclosan (TC) is an antimicrobial agent widely used in personal care products. In aquatic environments, both TC and its biomethylated form (methyl-triclosan, MeTC) are usually detected in effluents and rivers. Biochemical and physiological effects were measured in liver, gills, and brain of Danio rerio after exposure to sediment spiked with TC. Most of the TC was biotransformed to MeTC and promoted different adverse effects. Gills were the most sensitive organ after 2 day-exposure, showing lipid damage and increased SOD activity. After 21 days-exposure, liver was the most sensitive showing lower ACAP and increased LPO levels, SOD and CAT activities.

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13- Cytogenotoxicity and protective effect of piperine and capsaicin on meristematic cells of Allium cepa L.

MARCONDES S. DIAS, ERASMO P.V. JUNIOR, BIANCA C. DOS SANTOS, FRANCIELLE A. MARTINS, PEDRO M. DE ALMEIDA & ANA P. PERON

Peppers and their active metabolites are functional foods that play an important nutritional role and have therapeutic activities. In some pepper species, the biological function of piperine and capsaicin has been studied, helping to understand the effects of these molecules at different concentrations and test systems. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of piperine and capsaicin on cell cycle progression, DNA damage, as well as the chemoprotective effect in the Allium cepa L.

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14- Origin and insertion of the nerves constituting the braquial plexus of the roadside hawk

DEREK L. MACHADO, THIAGO LEZARDO, JULIANA P. GUIMARÃES, NAIANNE K. CLEBIS & KARINA M. GAGLIARDO

The roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris) is a free-living bird observed from Mexico to Argentina. It is classified as a bird of prey, meaning a carnivorous bird. It commonly has wing injuries caused by man-made obstacles when flying. Studies that describe the topographic anatomy of the wings of this species are necessary to assist in the treatment of possible wing lesions, such as fractures corrections or amputation. In addition, this knowledge is useful for local and regional anesthetic procedures.  For this reason, the present work aimed to describe the origin and insertion of the nerves that constitute the brachial plexus in roadside hawks.

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15- Patterns of genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure and gene flow in Campomanesia xanthocarpa: insights from SSR markers of different genomic origins

VANESSA S. PETRY, VALDIR M. STEFENON, LILIAN O. MACHADO, NEWTON C.F. DA COSTA, GUSTAVO H.F. KLABUNDE & RUBENS O. NODARI

SSR markers were used to evaluate the patterns of genetic diversity, fine-scale spatial genetic structure and historical gene flow in populations of Campomanesia xanthocarpa. The populations presented moderate to high levels of genetic diversity, while patterns of spatial genetic structure in short and large distance classes were distinctly influenced by gene-linked and neutral markers. There is an isolation-by-adaptation pattern implying the need for maintenance of the current remnants to assure the conservation of the genetic diversity. We propose that programs of seed collection and/or genetic rescue should prioritize a larger number of individuals within populations, increasing the sampled genetic diversity.

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16- Medicinal Plants from Brazilian Cerrado Biome: Potential sources of new anti-inflammatory compounds and antitumor agents on Ehrlich carcinoma

FÁBIO A. MALARA, DJAMILE C. MATOS, LÍVIA C.A. RIBEIRO, THAIS O.R. FALCOSKI, TERESINHA J.A.S. ANDRADE, VANESSA N.C. SANTOS, NERILSON M. LIMA & IRACILDA Z. CARLOS

Cancer can be caused by many factors, mainly genetic. However, there is scientific evidence that inflammation is a critical component in tumor progression. Since there is no cure for cancer and commercially available anti-inflammatory drugs have several side effects, there is an urgent need for the discovery of new anti-inflammatory and antitumor agents. Therefore, our study aimed at researching new anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic compounds in species from Brazilian flora. Our results are promising and seek to contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which phytochemicals can act as new anti-tumor therapeutic agents aimed at the anti-inflammatory process.  

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17- Behaviour, feeding and cytogenetic features of the wingless bloodsucking ectoparasite Cyanolicimex patagonicus (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

MARÍA JOSÉ BRESSA, OSVALDO DI IORIO, MARÍA JULIETA ZARZA, MÓNICA G. CHIRINO, HERNÁN A. IURI & PAOLA TURIENZO

Cyanolicimex patagonicus is one of the four Argentinean species of Haematosiphoninae which are wingless blood-sucking ectoparasites of warm-blooded animals, and is found in the largest known colony of its avian host Cyanoliseus patagonus located in Patagonia (Argentina). We examined various biological features of C. patagonicus in the field and performed a cytogenetic analysis. Results obtained enabled us to propose the possible rearrangements involved in the chromosomal evolution of C. patagonicus, and also a scenario of the evolutionary trends for Haematosiphoninae. Based on the whole evidence, we propose to place in four groups the species of Haematosiphoninae cytogenetically hitherto studied.

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18- Acquirement of HRP conjunct IgG anti-IgMs from most widely cultured freshwater fishes in China and its immunoreactivity

XINYI ZHOU, HONGYE JIANG, ZELI TANG, HENGCHANG SUN, ZHIPENG LIN, QING BIAN, GUANQUN YAO, TIANYOU ZHANG, MEICHENG CHEN, WEIWEI ZENG, XINBING YU & YAN HUANG

During our research on development of vaccine against infection of Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) in several kinds of fish, we were conscious of the urgency of secondary antibody to evaluate immune effect and screen C. sinensis infection with immunological technology instead of labor-intensive and time-consuming squash or artificial digestion of fish flesh.So that, we generated HRP-conjunct rabbit IgG anti-fish IgMs with high titers. The acquirement of HRP-conjunct rabbit IgG anti-fish IgMs was the cornerstone for studying the immune system of teleost fish, developing immunoassay methods and evaluation of fish vaccine with more convenience.

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MICROBIOLOGY

19- Genetic fingerprint and diversity evaluation of halophilic Bacillus species by RAPD-PCR

INGRID GEORGINA ORCE, FABIANA LILIAN MARTÍNEZ, MÓNICA APARICIO, MARÍA JULIA TORRES, VERÓNICA BEATRIZ RAJAL & VERÓNICA PATRICIA IRAZUSTA

We used RAPD- PCR to distinguish among genetically similar strains and to  evaluate the genetic diversity of Bacillus species from Salar del Hombre Muerto, Argentina. RAPD-PCR allowed obtaining different amplification profiles for each Bacillus species and strains. By comparing the fingerprint profiles, we observed that some of the salt flat isolates showed similar profiles than identified strains. As expected, the bacilli group isolated revealed a wide heterogeneity. RAPD-PCR was found to be a quick and reliable technique to evaluate the diversity of Bacillus strain and was successfully applied to characterize the genetic diversity present in the Salar del Hombre Muerto.

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20- Screening of antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities of spicy vegetables in Vietnam and application of Persicaria odorata leaf extract to preservative white leg shrimp (Litopenaus vannamei)

DAO T.A. PHAN

Green and safe solutions in post-harvest preservation of white-leg shrimp have been a pressing concern in the current tendency. Spicy vegetables are not only daily food but also good sources of antioxidants and antibacterial reagents. Interestingly, the extract prepared from Persicaria Odorata leaves can prevent melanosis development, bacterial formation, pH value, lipid peroxidation in shrimp better than commercial additive during 7 days at the cold storage. This study shows a new capacity of using plant extract as a substitute for synthetic chemical reagents as preservatives in shrimp storage.

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21- Essential oil of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh., composition and antibacterial activity against bacterial fish pathogens

SECIL METIN, BEHIRE I. DIDINEN, ISA TELCI & OZNUR DILER

In this study was determinated composition of apple mint (Mentha suaveolens) the essential oil and in vitro antibacterial activity against fish pathogen bacteria. The main component of M. suaveolence was piperitenone oxide. The essential oil exhibited strong inhibitory activity (zone sizes: 30-50mm at 250-1000 µL mL^-1 concentrations against V. anguillarum; 16-20mm at 31.25-125 µL mL^-1 concentrations against P. aeroginosa; 15-18mm at 500-1000 µL mL^-1 concentrations against A. sobria). However, it was found to be moderately effective against E. tarda, Y. ruckeri, S. warneri, V. salmoninarum and Staphylococcus sp.. The essential oil showed weak inhibitory activity against A. cavieae, A. hydrophila, L. garvieae.

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22- Mycobiota on exoskeleton debris of Neohelice granulata in an alkaline-sodic salt marsh: in vitro enzyme ability at different temperatures and pH

NATALIA A. FERRERI, LORENA A. ELÍADES, MARIO C.N. SAPARRAT, TAMARA M. LEDESMA, LETICIA RUSSO & MARTA N. CABELLO

We analysed the mycobiota on exoskeleton debris of the crab Neohelice granulata collected from an alkaline salt marsh and assessed the in vitro enzyme ability of selected isolates on casein, Tween®20, and Chitin- Azure® at different temperatures and pH. We identified 22 fungal species when exoskeleton fragments were incubated in moist chambers on paper and on agar medium. We conclude that exoskeletons of the N. granulata are a source of fungi able to produce enzyme activities that show differences upon incubation conditions to which they are cultivated such as ones including specific temperatures and pH values.

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23- Antifungal activity and mechanism of action of 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide: a new molecule with activity against strains of Aspergillus flavus

ELBA S. FERREIRA, LAÍSA V. CORDEIRO, DANIELE F. SILVA, HELIVALDO D.S. SOUZA, PETRÔNIO F. DE ATHAYDE-FILHO, JOSÉ MARIA BARBOSA-FILHO, LUCIANA SCOTTI, EDELTRUDES O. LIMA & RICARDO D. DE CASTRO

Aspergillus flavus is resistant to current therapies for aspergillosis, making it necessary to seek new promising therapeutic alternatives. In this study, the effects of the synthetic amide 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide against A. flavus strains were evaluated, and its mechanism of action was elucidated. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum Fungicidal Concentration, conidia germination, associations with antifungal agents, interaction with cell wall and membrane and molecular docking were evaluated. The molecule has antifungal activity against A. flavus, has an antagonistic association with amphotericin B and voriconazole, and acts by interacting with membrane ergosterol and possibly inhibiting thymidylate synthase. It is concluded that 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide has promising antifungal potential.

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24- Investigation of the association of virulence genes and biofilm production with infection and bacterial colonization processes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp.

ADRIANA MARIA C.M. DA SILVA, SÉRGIO D. COSTA JÚNIOR, JAILTON L.C. LIMA, JOSÉ LUCIANO B. DE FARIAS FILHO, ISABELLA M.F. CAVALCANTI & MARIA AMÉLIA V. MACIEL

The aim was to evaluate the phenotypic and molecular patterns of biofilm formation in infection and colonization isolates of Acinetobacter spp. from patients admitted. Acinetobacter spp. isolates were evaluated by the crystal violet staining methods, PCR and ERIC-PCR. Amongst the 38 Acinetobacter spp. isolates, 20 were isolated from infection and 18 from colonization. All the isolates were able to produce biofilm and they had at least one of the investigated virulence genes. No clones were detected. There was no correlation between biofilm formation and the resistance profile of the bacteria, neither to the molecular profile of the virulence genes.

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25- Purification and characterization of a protease from Aspergillus sydowii URM5774: Coffee ground residue for protease production by solid state fermentation

FELYPE T.B. ROCHA, ROMERO M.P. BRANDÃO-COSTA, ANNA GABRIELLY D. NEVES, KETHYLEN B.B. CARDOSO, THIAGO P. NASCIMENTO, WENDELL W.C. ALBUQUERQUE & ANA LÚCIA F. PORTO

Production of proteases using solid substrates through fermentative processes is largely used in biotechnology field. Disposal of residues in agro-industrial processes represents a large financial disadvantage that could be prevented from reuse of raw material for obtaining biotechnological enzymes. Microbial degradation of wastes has emerged as an alternative bio-catalyst to steam-pressure cooking and alkali hydrolysis for the recycling of such residues to value-added products. Aspergillus sp. is an important fungi species, which has been applied in the industrial production of enzymes. The excellent fermentation capability has been demonstrated in these industrial applications.

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26- Bioprospection: in vitro antimicrobial potential of the leaf extract of mycorrhizal guava infected by Meloidogyne enterolobii on Klebsiella pneumoniae

MAÍRA C. MARCOLINO, JOÃO C.A. DE SOUSA JÚNIOR, CARLOS HENRIQUE A. DIAS, CARINE R. NAUE, FLÁVIA B. DE SOUZA MELO & MARYLUCE A. DA SILVA CAMPOS

This article aims to evaluate the potential of the leaf ethanolic extract of mycorrhizal guava seedlings infected with Meloidogyne enterolobii on Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase strains obtained from surgical wounds. Guava has a proven antimicrobial effect. In general, mycorrhizal plants infected with Meloidogyne produce more bioactive compounds making the material from these plants a promising alternative in combating pathogenic microorganisms to humans, such as K. pneumoniae. After conducting an experiment in a screen, preparing an ethanol extract and in vitro testing, the antimicrobial effect of mycorrhizal guava seedlings infected with Meloidogyne on K. pneumoniae was confirmed.

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27- Hydrogen production by Enterobacter sp. LBTM2 using sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate and a synthetic substrate: understanding and controlling toxicity

IVON M. CAMPOS, JOSE AUGUSTO ZOREL, MARILIA MENEGATTO, FLAVIANE SILVA, OSCAR F.H. ADARME, MARINA TONUCCI, BRUNO E.L. BAÊTA, SÉRGIO F. AQUINO & SILVANA Q. SILVA

Did you know that hydrogen gas, usually used in the chemical industry and usually produced by the electrolysis of water, can also be generated from agro-industrial residues? This biological production is made by the activity of bacteria capable of fermenting the sugars present in the residues to various products, including hydrogen gas. In this article you will be able to follow the metabolism of the Enterobacter sp. LBTM2 during the fermentation of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate and verify the factors that compromise the hydrogen production. Improvements in the fermentation process has been achieved by using powdered activated carbon, which adsorbs compounds that inhibit the process, increasing its productivity.

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28- Bioprospection of ligninolytic enzymes from marine origin filamentous fungi

CAMILA P. DANTAS, JOÃO PEDRO D. PINCHEMEL, GISELE M. DE JESUS, MILENA B. PIMENTEL, OLÍVIA MARIA C. OLIVEIRA, ANTÔNIO FERNANDO S. QUEIROZ & DANUSIA F. LIMA

The study aimed to the screening of marine fungi, which are laccase and manganese peroxidase potential producers for applications in bioremediation processes. The results showed that all the studied strains showed a positive result for manganese peroxidase production, with an enzymatic activity in solid medium less than 0.61, indicating a strongly positive activity. Through the enzyme index, the study also showed prominence for Penicillium sp. strains, with values > 2. The ability of these strains to develop into recalcitrant compounds and the potential for manganese peroxidase production, they are indicated for exploitation in bioremediation Technologies and other biotechnological applications.

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29- Free Radicals and Actinobacteria as a Misexplored Goldmine of Antioxidant Compounds

THALES HENRIQUE B. DE OLIVEIRA, NORMA B. DE GUSMÃO, LEONOR A.O. DA SILVA, LUANA C.B.B. COELHO

The free radicals are unstable chemical species harmful to human body tissues and cells. These chemical entities are involved in some disease's pathophysiology either triggering or disease worsening. Antioxidant compounds can stabilize free radicals. In recent years, the demand for natural antioxidants has increased being directed to plant exploration, mainly. Actinobacteria are also considered a good source of natural antioxidant compounds. However, it can be observed a misexploration in this field. Therefore, in this paper, we addressed the Actinobacteria as a true manancial of natural antioxidants and highlights the lack of in vivo studies in actinobacteria antioxidant exploration.

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30- Isolation of 2 simazine-degrading bacteria and development of a microbial agent for bioremediation of simazine pollution

JIANGWEI ZHU, YAN ZHAO, XIAOLOU LI, LEI WU, LI FU, NING YANG, JUN YIN & RONG HUANG

Simazine was one of the most used herbicides to control broadleaf weeds in agriculture. Its widespread use had caused public concern for its high ecological toxicity. In order to remove simazine residues, 2 strains capable of effectively degrading simazine were isolated from the soil and named SIMA-N5 and SIMA- N9. Based on the research results already obtained in this study, it was considered that strain SIMA-N9 and its live bacterial agent could play an important role in bioremediation of simazine pollution. This study couldn’t only provide a set of solutions to simazine pollution, but also provide a reference for treatment of other pesticide pollution.

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31- Kinetics of Whole Cells and Ethanol Production from Candida tropicalis TISTR 5306 Cultivation in Batch and Fed-batch Modes Using Assorted Grade Fresh Longan Juice

CHATCHADAPORN MAHAKUNTHA, ALISSARA REUNGSANG, ROJAREJ NUNTA & NOPPOL LEKSAWASDI

Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) is one of the key enzymes in yeast fermentative metabolism. The whole cells obtained from C. tropicalis TISTR 5306 cultivation after ethanol production could produce phenylacetylcarbinol (PAC) by addition of pyruvate and benzaldehyde through biotransformation process. Kinetics profiles of ethanol and whole cells production based on three media in batch mode were investigated before selection of optimal medium for fed-batch mode cultivation. The kinetic profile of fed-batch mode cultivation in assorted grade longan medium was also elucidated and quantified by thrice pulse feeding so that the whole cells could be produced and later utilized for biotransformation system.

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32- Potential role of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis biomass for removal of TiO₂ NPs -MG hybrid nanocomposite produced after wastewater treatment by TiO₂ nanoparticles

GEHAN AHMED ISMAIL, NANIS GAMAL ALLAM, WALAA MOHAMMED EL-GEMIZY & MOHAMED AL-SAYED SALEM

Biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs) by Sphingomonas paucimobilis B34 bacteria was successfully achieved and followed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. These TiO₂NPs were used as nono-catalyst for removing of malachite green (MG) dye (at 10³ mol/L) from wastewater solution with up to 83% removal efficiency. Furthermore, the developed TiO₂NPs-MG hybrid nanocomposite was efficiently removed from the medium by using Spirulina platensis cyanobacterial biomass after wastewater treatment with up to 89.43 % removal efficiency, through a biosorption process. The resultant water effluent, after TiO₂NPs-MG removal, showed no toxicity towards Vigna radiate L. seedlings implying its safety for agriculture purposes.

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33- Distribution of genetically characterized yeasts and its antifungals susceptibility in the hospital environment

CAROLINA L. GONÇALVES, PEDRO R. DOS SANTOS, EVANDRO C. PEREIRA, CRISTINA H. DE FREITAS, MARCOS R.A. FERREIRA, FABRÍCIO R. CONCEIÇÃO & PATRÍCIA S. NASCENTE

Candida spp. is one of the main pathogens associated with nosocomial infection in Brazil and worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of Candida yeasts in the ICU and their susceptibility to the antifungal agents terbinafi ne and fluconazole. The samples were collected by swabbing nine surfaces in the ICU of a hospital located in Pelotas, RS. These isolates were genetically characterized by sequencing the internal transcript spacer (ITS) using the primers ITS1 and ITS4. The test against antifungals was performed by Microdilution in Broth (CLSI-M27-A4). 64 yeasts identified as Candida parapsilosis (45.31%; n = 29), Meyerozyma (Pichia) guilliermondii (28.12%; n = 18), Claviceps lusitaneae (25%; n = 16) and Candida tropicalis (1, 56%; n = 1) mostly at the counter used for handling medicines and food distribution (68.75%; n = 44). Susceptibility to antifungals varied between species. These results describe potentially pathogenic Candida species as contaminants in the ICU environment. The study environment is a potential source of exogenous infection for hospitalized patients.

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34- Effects of temperature and salinity on the development and survival of the embryos and zoeae I from the southern surf crab Ovalipes trimaculatus (Brachyura: Portunidae)

ANTONELA MARTELLI & PEDRO J. BARÓN

Ovalipes trimaculatus is a highly valued fishery resource crab with high potential for aquaculture production. We found the best combined effects of different thermohaline conditions on the time of development and survival of embryos of individuals to obtain experimental information to support efficient management practices, as well as useful for the design of management rules and to develop numerical models that allow prediction. timing and success of larval recruitment on a spatio-temporal scale.

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35- Molecular characterization of viruses associated to leaf curl disease complex on zucchini squash in Iraq reveals Deng primer set could distinguish between New and Old World Begomoviruses

DOAA MOHAMMED, MUSTAFA ADHAB & NAWRES AL-KUWAITI

Like other living organisms, squash is infected with viruses causing a severe damage to the plant. In our study we investigated a group of viruses called begomoviruses. Begomoviruses are spread by a bug called the whitefly and have a single strand DNA containing all genetic information required for their existence. We discovered two begomoviruses that are infecting squash plants grown in Iraq. Together, they are causing a severe leaf curl disease. They damage fruits and make them unmarketable. We could distinguish between these two viruses on the same plant using a single test. Our finding confirmed begomoviruses are pandemic

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ECOSYSTEMS

36- Species richness and distribution patterns of the snake fauna of Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil

RICARDO MARQUES, THAÍS BARRETO GUEDES, FLÁVIA MOL LANNA, DANIEL CUNHA PASSOS, WILLIANILSON PESSOA DA SILVA & ADRIAN ANTONIO GARDA

Among the many limitations on our current knowledge on the Neotropical biodiversity, understanding of community composition and species distributions is limited and greatly biased in many Brazilian regions. Therefore, we present information on species composition, habitat use, geographic distribution, taxonomic accounts, and conservation of snakes from Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. We compiled 851 records of 47 species. Our data covers a third of the state's area, a consequence of limited local inventories and long-term studies on snakes’ fauna. The richest areas within the state are near large cities, which lack protected areas for the species they harbor.

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37- Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) from Mato Grosso State, Central-Western Brazil

PETERSON R. DEMITE, JOSÉ M. REZENDE, ANTONIO C. LOFEGO, FELIPE S.R. AMARAL, MARLITON R. BARRETO & GILBERTO J. DE MORAES

Phytoseiidae is an important predatory mite family with some species are recognized as biological control agents. In this study was to conduct a survey of mites of this family associated with plants of the natural vegetation and cultivated forests in sites of three biomes (Amazon Forest, Cerrado and Pantanal) in the Mato Grosso State. Twenty- one species of 11 genera, of the three phytoseiid subfamilies were registered. Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma was the most common species, collected from 12 plant species in five collection sites. Eleven phytoseiid species were reported for the first time in the Mato Grosso State.

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38- Predation by an omnivorous fish and food availability alter zooplankton functional diversity: a microcosm approach

DIOGO C. AMARAL, BÁRBARA DUNCK, LOUIZI S.M. BRAGHIN, UBIRAJARA L. FERNANDES, FRANCIELI F. BOMFIM, CLÁUDIA C. BONECKER & FÁBIO A. LANSAC-TÔHA

This research in freshwater environments evaluates the functional diversity of the zooplankton in a scenario by predator manipulation and its influence on the food web. For this, microcosms were set up in aquariums of 40 liters of capacity, which were inoculated by the zooplankton community, periphytic algae as a food resource, and small fish as a top predator. We observed that periphytic algae were preferentially preyed on by fish, consequently, it accelerated nutrient cycling and decreased the functional diversity of the zooplankton. These interactions may be attributed to the middle-out effect by the fishies in the food web.

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39- Species diversification in the lowlands of mid-latitude South America: Turnera sidoides subsp. carnea as a case study

ERCILIA M.S. MORENO, GISELA M. VIA DO PICO, IVANA E. KOVALSKY, JUAN M. ROGGERO LUQUE, JOSÉ G. SEIJO & VIVIANA G. SOLÍS NEFFA

Here we investigate the mechanism of infraspecific diversification processes in the temperate lowlands of mid-latitudes of South America, using Turnera sidoides subsp. carnea as a model. The finding of two morphotypes and three different genetic groups evidenced that this autopolyploid rhizomatous herb is in an active speciation process. The geographic isolation in the past and local adaptation to present abiotic and biotic conditions promoted the strong morphological, ecological and genetic differentiation of this subspecies. Our results increase the knowledge about the patterns and processes responsible for shaping the unique biodiversity of this region.

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40- Reproductive Biology of Astragalus argaeus (Fabaceae), a critically endangered endemic species

BAYRAM ATASAGUN, AHMET AKSOY, İSMAİL BAYRAM GÜLLÜ & SEVİL ALBAYRAK

Astragalus argaeus is an endemic plant species that is under critical risk of extinction. This study represents one of the few studies in Turkey on conversation biology.  Most of the endemic species are categorized as endangered or threatened in Turkey. For this reason, It has been believed that this study and other similar studies will greatly contribute to the conservation of biodiversity.

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41- A Method to Assess the Risk of Sun Coral Invasion in Marine Protected Areas

THIAGO D.T.C. COUTO, ELIANNE P. OMENA, SIMONE S. OIGMAN-PSZCZOL & ANDREA O.R. JUNQUEIRA

The most efficient method of avoiding costs and impacts associated with biological invasions is to prevent the introduction and establishment of non-native species. In Brazil, two invasive coral species have been causing several impacts: Tubastraea coccinea and Tubastraea tagusensis. This work presents a protocol to analyze the risk of invasion in MPAs in the State of Rio de Janeiro considering the main vector of these species on the Brazilian coast. Results must be used by decision-makers for a better management of MPAs. The protocol we present can be applied to analyze the relative risk of invasion throughout the Brazilian coast.

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42- Effects of pyrimethanil fungicide on Chironomidae community structure

JOSÉ LEONARDO DA SILVA MELLO, VANESSA COLOMBO, GUILHERME ROSSI GORNI & JULIANO J. CORBI

The use of agrochemicals in agriculture may impact aquatic ecosystems influencing the stream insect communities. The family Chironomidae is the most abundant and species-diverse insect group found in freshwater systems. The present study evaluates the responses of Chironomidae species (Insecta: Diptera) to pyrimethanil fungicide. Water contamination and chironomid community were monitored over 10 months. Our results point out that the utilization of agrochemicals can be a harmful factor influencing negatively the Chironomidae populations. This finding has key implications for insect conservation strategies and ecological management environments.

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43- Drivers of nest survival in the Tawny-bellied Seedeater Sporophila hypoxantha (Aves: Thraupidae): time-specific factors are more related to success than ecological variables

ISMAEL FRANZ & CARLA S. FONTANA

Tawny-bellied Seedeater (Sporophila hypoxantha) is an endangered grassland passerine, whose breeding success remains poorly known. In southern Brazil, the nest success (MARK estimates) was 20%. Predation was the main cause of failure, affecting 55% of the unsuccessful nests. Success was affected by time-specific factors (nest age and time of breeding season). Nest site characteristics did not influence nest survival. Predation was more prevalent in the nestling rearing period than during incubation, probably caused by an increase in the activity in the nests. Our findings are important to plan on seasonally dependent conservation and management measures.

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44- Trophic ecology of the Neotropical tolerant fish Corydoras paleatus under the influence of contrasting environmental conditions in a prairie stream

ANDREA BERTORA, MARÍA S. FONTANARROSA, FABIÁN GROSMAN, PABLO SANZANO & JUAN J. ROSSO

The trophic ecology of Corydoras paleatus in a prairie stream with contrasting environmental conditions in water quality, habitat structure and riparian condition was evaluated. The study of 231 guts revealed 15 prey items. The dietary assemblage, niche breadth and feeding patterns varied significantly. Psychodidae and mineral fragments were relevant items in most deteriorated conditions where maximum niche breadth and more generalist fish were observed. Chironomidae, nematodes and filamentous algae were important preys as conditions improved where specialized individuals prevailed. Overall, good evidence suggesting that trophic ecology of a tolerant species is affected by local environmental conditions is presented.

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45- Population structure and spatial distribution of tucumã-do-pará (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) in Salvaterra, Marajó island, Pará

GABRIELE N. FURTADO, PRISCILA S.M. SARMENTO & FLÁVIA C.A. LUCAS

This article  shows that the population of this palm tree, aka tucumã-do-pará, is influenced by anthropogenic influence in the different environments where it occurs. Changes in the landscape are evident in all areas, intervening in the distribution of this species in the municipality. Furthermore, they reveal that the population is growing, probably due to the use of parts of this species for various purposes. The Tucumã palms were selected due to their multiple use, high occurrence and ease of tillering. Such information contributes to the strategic planning of sustainable management and social development in the region.

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46- Translocation of Epipelic Biofilms and Their Short-Term Responses to Urbanization Impacts in Nutrient Rich Streams

JOAQUÍN COCHERO, MARÍA MERCEDES N. GELIS, JORGE DONADELLI & NORA GÓMEZ

Biofilms are microscopic communities composed of algae, bacteria and fungi that cover all surfaces, and play a crucial role in the nutrient cycle of freshwater environments. They are also sensitive indicators water quality changes and of water pollution. Here we measure the changes in stream biofilms as their environmental conditions are degraded. To do this, biofilms from a less polluted stream were transferred to a heavily urbanized stream and monitored for 72 hours. We found that while their metabolism was variable, the structure of the community was sensitive to these environmental changes, and can be used as a pollution indicator.

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47- Trophic ecology of Loricariichthys anus (Valenciennes, 1835), (Loricariidae: Loricariinae) in a subtropical reservoir, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

FABIANO CORRÊA, THIAGO S. TUCHTENHAGEN, JUVÊNCIO POUEY, SÉRGIO R.N. PIEDRAS & EDSON F. DE OLIVEIRA

The paper describes the trophic ecology of the Loricariichthys anus in a subtropical reservoir, an important species of commercial interest for the southern region of the country. The individuals were collected in the reservoir of the Chasqueiro stream, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The diet of the L. anus population was analizaded among different water levels, seasons, ontogenetic classes and fractional trophic level. In this study, we consider L. anus be a keystone species in the Chasqueiro reservoir and its conservation, in both natural and artificial environments, is necessary for the bottom-up management of this and other Neotropical ecosystems.

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48- First record of larvae of Spiroxys (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) parasitizing fishes in stream of the Caatinga domain

MARIA NAIANE M. DE CARVALHO, WALLAS B.B. DE SOUSA, BRUNO A.F. DA SILVA & FÁBIO H. YAMADA

This study integrates research on the biodiversity of fish parasites from the Salgado River basin, southern Ceará. Specifically, nematodes in their biological cycle can use fish as intermediate hosts. In the literature review carried out during the research, it was observed that these parasites have a wide geographic distribution in the Neotropical region. Finally, it was recorded for the first time nematodes larvae of the genus Spiroxys sp. parasitizing “traíras”, “piabas or lambaris” and “tamoatás or caborjas” in the Carás Creek, Caatinga, in the municipality of Crato, Ceará.

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49- Environmental effects on phlebotominae sand flies (Diptera:Phychodidae) and implications for sand fly vector disease transmission in Corrientes city, northern Argentina

ELIZABET L. ESTALLO, MIRTA SANTANA, MÍA E. MARTÍN, LILIANA M. GALINDO, JUANA A. WILLENER, JORGE A. KURUC & MARINA STEIN

Transmission of leishmaniasis: Nyssomyia neivai, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Migonemyia migo In Argentina, different species of phlebotominae sand flies were found to be involved in the cycle of nei among others. We evaluated species richness, abundance, alpha diversity, and true diversity of Phlebotominae sand flies temporal changes in households within the northern Argentina city of Corrientes.  Meteorological and remote sensing environmental factors were used to assessed for vectors implications in disease transmission. Lutzomyia longipalpis was more abundant in urban areas, Ny. neivai was associated with vegetation in peri urban areas and Mg. migonei was more abundant in peri urban and peri urban-rural environments.

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50- Short-term variation of plankton spatial distribution at a subtropical mixed estuarine system

LORENA S. NASCIMENTO, FREDERICO BRANDINI, MÔNICA S. SIMIÃO & MIODELI NOGUEIRA JÚNIOR

Estuaries have rapid fluctuations on environmental variables, mainly influenced by tidal oscillation. Despite that, few studies considered the influence of this time scale on the distribution of the microscopic organisms present on water column (plankton). In our study, hydrological variables did not vary spatially or tidally during samplings. However, both phyto and zooplankton were structured according to their estuarine position and in the inner estuary also by the tidal condition. The results of the present study demonstrate how variable the estuarine plankton horizontal structure can be over short time- scales even in mixed estuarine systems under relatively homogeneous conditions.

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51- Priority conservation of medicinal woody plants from protected forests based on ecological and ethnobotanical data

SAMARA F. OLIVEIRA, JULIANA M.L. RANGEL, JULIMERY G.F. MACEDO, SAMILLE L. SILVA, DAIANY A. RIBEIRO, MARIA SORAYA MACEDO, EMÍDIA NAIANA C. SEIXAS, DELMACIA G. MACÊDO, MANUELE E. SARAIVA, KARINA V. LINHARES, ANA CLEIDE A.M. MENDONÇA, MARTA MARIA A. SOUZA, ELCIDA L. ARAÚJO & MARIA ARLENE P. SILVA

We sought to gather ethnobotanical knowledge on diversity and use of woody medicinal plants in the Chapada Araripe region, assessing the real availability of these resources in cerrado and carrasco areas, indicating priority species for conservation. 107 species were recorded in the ethnobotany, for 39 families and 83 genera. Species with high versatility of medicinal use did not necessarily have high local availability. Thirteen species in cerrados and four in carrascos were indicated as conservation priorities. Species use not aligned with current reality may in fact increase local conservation priority lists, affect economic practices, and increase social and environmental conflicts.

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52- Insect galls and associated fauna in two areas of Cerrado sensu stricto in the State of Bahia, Brazil

GABRIELA B.D. CAMPOS, ELAINE C. COSTA, DÉBORA L.S. SANTOS, SHEILA P. CARVALHO-FERNANDES & JULIANA SANTOS-SILVA

Despite the growing number of studies of insect galls in Brazilian Cerrado, the richness of gall studies in the Cerrado of Bahia State has been little studied. We realized an inventory of the richness of galling insects in two Cerrado sensu stricto areas of Caetité (Bahia) and a similarity analysis between areas to contribute to the knowledge and conservation of local biodiversity. A total 98 gall morphotypes on 42 plant species were found. The areas surveyed demonstrated high richness of gall morphotypes and host plants, evidencing the importance of studying and preserving different areas of the same biome.

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53- Alpha-mannosidosis caused by toxic plants in ruminants of Argentina

LUCIANA A. CHOLICH, AGUSTÍN MARTINEZ, JUAN F. MICHELOUD, MARÍA E. PISTÁN, ENRIQUE N. GARCÍA, CARLOS A. ROBLES, HUGO H. ORTEGA & EDUARDO J. GIMENO

It is the first review presenting the available information about plants that produce acquired α-mannosidosis in ruminants in Argentina. The prolonged consumption of these poisonous plants produces progressive weight loss and clinical signs related to a nervous disorder, characterized by tremors of head and neck, abnormalities of gait, difficulty in standing, ataxia and wide-based stance. We reviewed the literature to obtain general information on distribution and ecology of plants, the toxicological aspects, as well as epidemiological and pathological findings from spontaneous and experimental cases of poisoning by consumption these plants.

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ANIMAL SCIENCE

54- Fatty acid profiles of the plasma and follicular fluid mares fed a combination of linseed and salmon oil

JESÚS A.S. VIAFARA, RICARDO V. PORTILHO, RENATA MACULAN, JOSÉ F. DE SOUZA JÚNIOR, CAMILLA M. SILVA, PAULA G. RODRIGUES, MARCELO S. EL AZZI & JOSÉ C. DE SOUZA

Studies have been conducted with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the diet of mares, in order to improve reproduction; however, there is very scarce information about linseed oil as the source of fatty acids. Thus, the objective was to determine the correspondence of the concentrations of PUFA in the plasma and in the follicular fluid of mares supplemented with vegetable oil based on linseed oil. From our results, it is concluded that a low to moderate relation exists between linseed oil supplementation in the diet between the circulating concentrations of PUFA and those found in the follicular fluid.

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CROP SCIENCE

55- Molecular characterization of parents and hybrid progenies of conilon coffee

LUCIMARA C. DE SOUZA, MARIA AMÉLIA G. FERRÃO, RODRIGO D. CARVALHO, ROMÁRIO G. FERRÃO, AYMBIRÉ F.A. DA FONSECA, PATRÍCIA F. PINHEIRO & TAÍS C.B. SOARES

The objective of the work was the molecular characterization of parents and hybrid progenies of conilon coffee, obtained through diallel crosses from the breeding program of the Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Incaper, ES, Brazil). High genetic diversity was verified in the genotypes, with high variability between parents and which remained similar in the progenies. The genetic variability found can be explored in the genetic breeding of the species, guiding crossings between diversified and compatible genetic materials, for the composition of novel cultivars for the state of Espírito Santo.

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56- Genetic variability in Brazilian castor (Ricinus communis) germplasm assessed by morphoagronomic traits and gray mold reaction

SEBASTIÃO S. DE OLIVEIRA NETO, DOUGLAS M. ZEFFA, MARIA M.P SARTORI, DARTANHÃ J. SOARES & MAURÍCIO D. ZANOTTO

Castor bean is an oilseed cultivated in several countries and can be used to produce an oil with essential characteristics for the manufacture of plastics, paints, aviation fuel, etc. Studies to understand the genetic variability of this species are essential for the development of new cultivars adapted to the different climate and soil conditions in Brazil. Our results indicated that the 40 genotypes evaluated are quite different and, among them, some can be used in castor bean breeding programs aiming the development of new cultivars.

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SOIL SCIENCE

57- Impact of land use on soil function and bacterial community in the Brazilian savanna

LENKA BOBUL’SKÁ, SUÉLLEN P. ESPÍNDOLA, MICHELLE A. COELHO, ADÃO S. FERREIRA

Land use is one major cause of soil degradation and affects ecosystem functions. Here, we aimed to evaluate soil microbial indicators and bacterial community compositions in four ecosystems of the Brazilian Savanna. Soil microbial and biochemical indicators showed that agricultural soil usage had a negative impact on soil quality, indicating a lower use-efficiency of soil resources by microorganisms in ecosystems. Agricultural soil usage tends to increase the relative abundance of copiotrophic bacteria and rare groups and decrease the relative abundance of oligotrophic bacteria. Study showed that soil function was dependent on the structure and abundance of the soil bacterial community.

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FORESTRY SCIENCE

58- Gis and fuzzy logic applied to modelling forest fire risk

RONIE S. JUVANHOL, NILTON CESAR FIEDLER, ALEXANDRE R. DOS SANTOS, GILSON F. DA SILVA, MOISÉS S. OMENA, FERNANDO C. EUGENIO, CHRISTIANO JORGE G. PINHEIRO & ANTÔNIO CARLOS FERRAZ FILHO

This study presents the application of fuzzy logic in a geographic information system (GIS) as a multi-criteria analysis for determining the areas of risk of forest fire. A set of factors that are relevant to fire safety were identified. For each variable, a mathematical model was defined and generated risk maps. Subsequently, the maps were combined for the presentation of the final fire risk map. Concluded that occurs a strong relationship between the fire ignition points and proximity to roads and urban areas. The proposed model was efficient to integrate the variables and determine areas of greatest risk.

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59- Predicted genetic gains for growth traits and Genotype x Environment interaction in Pinus greggii: new perspectives for genetic improvement in Brazil

LEONARDO V. MUNHOZ, FABRICIO A. BIERNASKI, FABIANA S.B. PERES, ANDREA N. DIAS & EVANDRO V. TAMBARUSSI

Pinus greggii is a species endemic to Mexico, with light green acicles and height varying from 10 to 25 meters, the wood density ranges from 450 to 510 kg/m³, it is widely used for civil construction, as mine props, and as firewood. The studied population showed genetic diversity for the development of a breeding program and genetic gains after thinning were moderate, the main objective is to create a seed orchard without substantially reducing the effective number while also avoiding crossing between relatives. The thinning simulation showed slight gains for the creation of a seed orchard and significant gains.

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ENGINEERING SCIENCES

60- Treatment of soy sauce wastewater with biomimetic dynamic membrane for colority removal and chemical oxygen demand lowering

FANG WANG, XIAO LUO, JIA GUO & WENXIANG ZHANG

Industrial wastewater has caused serious environmental pollution. To prevent pollution and to recycle valuable resources of soy sauce wastewater, we fabricated a biomimetic dynamic membrane by immobilizing laccase and graphene oxide on commercial ultrafiltration membrane The prepared membrane can significantly reduce the COD and colority of soy sauce wastewater. After 5 consecutive cycles with the same membrane, the permeate still meet the standard for reuse water. This work indicates a promising technology for treatment of wastewater from food industry.

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61- Effects of Homogenization and Heat Treatment of Milk with Different Fat Content on Physical Properties of Ayran

SELDA YALÇIN, FIRUZE ERGIN & AHMET KÜÇÜKÇETIN

Ayran is a salty yoghurt-based beverage and is prepared either traditionally by the addition of water and salt to yoghurt or industrially by fermentation of diluted milk with water by yoghurt bacteria, namely Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, followed by the salt addition. Physical properties of ayran are affected by processing, including homogenization and heat treatment and are among the main evaluation criteria in terms of its consumer acceptability. Therefore, in the present study, the combined effect of conditions of homogenization and heat treatment of milk with different fat contents on some physical properties of ayran was investigated.

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SOCIAL SCIENCES

62- Artisanal fishers’ local ecological knowledge and attitudes toward conservation about the shrimp (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) on the Brazilian central coast

JOELSON MUSIELLO-FERNANDES, CAMILAH A. ZAPPES, HEITOR O. BRAGA & MAURICIO HOSTIM-SILVA

Traditional fishing communities have a great deal of knowledge about the environment in which they operate. In this study, we show that the local ecological knowledge of the sea bob shrimp fishermen is similar to that found in the scientific literature. We also emphasize that fishermen have attitudes in favor of shrimp preservation, which is their source of income. We conclude that for fisheries management to be effective, it must be carried out together with artisanal fishers.

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63- Integration of the elements involved in scientific publication

CARLOS FREDERICO DUARTE ROCHA

The issue of publication of articles by researchers in the universe of scientific publications, has become increasingly asymmetrical among the parties involved (author, Author's institution, Development agencies, Magazine / Publisher, and referees). Here, I analyzed to what extent are all the parts involved in the process of scientific publication equally balanced which showed that the gains and losses among parts involved are quite asymmetric, indicating advantages, disadvantages and costs that should be addressed at a global level to better balance the process of publication and that should have some adjustments to better balance of the parts involved in the process.

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64- Misogyny in Brazilian Federal Government Agencies for Science and High-Education

ROBERTA PEIXOTO ARÊAS DA SILVA, CAROLINA ANDRÉA NODARI, MANOEL CARDOSO, ADEMIR E. SANTANA & MARCIA C. BARBOSA

The present study aimed to analyze how the presence of women, especially in leadership positions, has evolved at CAPES and CNPq over the last 20 years. The initial hypothesis was that female attendance had increased in both the total number of female servants and in management and auxiliary positions, known as DAS; however, evidence shows that women reduced overall agency presence, especially in the number of female Analysts occupying DAS positions. These results indicate that the misogyny observed in the academic sphere of the Brazilian National Postgraduate and Science, Technology, and Innovation systems are replicated in the politic-bureaucratic sphere that manages and sponsors these systems.

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65- The 100,000 most influential scientists rank: the underrepresentation of Brazilian women in academia

LETICIA DE OLIVEIRA, FERNANDA REICHERT, EUGENIA ZANDONÀ, ROSSANA C. SOLETTI & FERNANDA STANISCUASKI

Women scientists find many obstacles throughout their careers, which is reflected in the so-called scissor effect - women presence become scarcer with increasing academic positions. Recently, the 100,000 most influential scientists rank was published, based on citation metrics. We analyzed the representation of Brazilian scientists in this rank and found that women are greatly underrepresented. We discussed possible reasons leading to this reduced number of women, emphasizing that the metrics used for this ranking could be biased against women. To achieve gender equality, it is necessary to act and give visibility to women scientists.

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All abstracts of the publications were provided by the respective authors.

Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences
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