Newsletter - Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences

ISSUE 43

AABC - Volume 92.4 - 2020

This is the last issue published this year by the Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (AABC)! And what a year! Issue 92.4 presents a total of 53 original studies and seven letters, limited to Health (41), Biomedical (11), and Biological Sciences (1). 

Several studies are related to COVID-19 (particularly the letters), such as the spreading of the virus SARS-CoV-2 as a result of traveling, different scenarios for the propagation of COVID-19 in Manaus (Northern Brazil), collapse of health services, and a review of hemostatic abnormalities. But this is not all.

In Health Sciences - an area that is rapidly growing in the AABC - there are further studies varying from the effect of some natural substances that can be applied against Leishmania,  new studies on the application of nanoparticles, global gene expression regarding neurosyphilis, the fugal pathogen Candida, and a global perspective regarding the drug abuse during pregnancy.

Among the papers published concerning Biomedical Sciences, this issue presents articles on the application of circulating DNA in cancer screening, the application of gold nanoparticles in conjunction with tumor suppressors, treatment of breast cancer, and the application of some unusual natural products to inhibit cellular growth of lung cancer cells.

As always, I would like that to point out that since 2000 all papers published by the AABC can be downloaded free of charge at the SciELO site. I also would like to recommend that you examine previous editions of the Newsletter, which are available at the ABC website.

Please scroll through the text and click on the title of the articles that interest you - surely there are several that might be interesting for your studies!

Alexander W. A. Kellner
Editor-in-Chief

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

1- Worldwide COVID-19 spreading explained: traveling numbers as a primary driver for the pandemic
Authors: Sérvio P. Ribeiro, Wesley Dáttilo, David S. Barbosa, Wendel Coura-Vital, Igor A.S. das Chagas, Camila P. Dias, Alcides V.C. de Castro e Silva, Maria Helena F. Morais, Aristóteles Góes-Neto, Vasco A.C. Azevedo, Geraldo Wilson Fernandes & Alexandre B. Reis

The spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide followed no clear biogeographic, climatic, or cultural trend. We tested whether the number of flight passengers and the number of international frontiers could explain the number of cases of COVID-19 worldwide, two months after the pandemic was declared. The number of passengers arriving in a country and the number of international borders explained significantly 49% of the variance in the distribution of the number of cases of COVID-19, and passengers explained significantly 14.2% of data variance for cases per million inhabitants. Ecological neutral theory was here used to explain the early distribution of SARS-CoV-2.

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

2- PCR-based detection of Helicobacter spp. in animal facilities of a University in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors:  Gabriel E. Matos-Rodrigues, Carolinne C. Masseron, Fabio J. Moreira da Silva, Marcel Frajblat, Lilian O. Moreira & Rodrigo A.P. Martins

Pathogenic microbial detection and control in laboratory animal facilities is essential to guarantee animal welfare, data validity and reproducibility. Helicobacter spp. are known to affect mice health, what may interfere with experimental outcomes. This study aimed to screen for Helicobacter spp. in mice from animal facilities in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil using a PCR-based method. Although Helicobacter spp. screening is not mandatory according to Brazilian animal welfare regulation it is recommended by institutional animal health monitoring programs guidelines worldwide, including ARRIVE, AAALAC and FELASA.

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3- Evaluation of hematology, general serum biochemistry, bone turnover markers and bone marrow cytology in a glucocorticoid treated ovariectomized sheep model for osteoporosis research
Authors: Catarina A. Coelho, João P. Bordelo, José A. Camassa, Vera A. Barros, Pedro S. Babo, Manuela E. Gomes, Rui  L. Reis, Jorge T. de Azevedo, João F. Requicha, Pedro Faísca, Pedro P. Carvalho, Carlos A. Viegas & Isabel R. Dias

Osteoporosis is a metabolic disorder characterized by a loss of bone mass and structure and increasing the risk of fragility fractures, mostly among postmenopausal women. Sheep is a recognized large animal model for osteoporosis research. The aim of this study is to contribute to the characterization of the combination of ovariectomy and glucocorticoid administration for osteoporosis induction in sheep, through evaluation of the effects on the haematological and biochemical blood parameters levels, including estradiol and a set of bone turnover markers and bone marrow composition. Additionally, an evaluation of micro-architectural characteristics and bone mineral density of the 4^th lumbar vertebra that were acquired by micro-computed tomography and bone histomorphometry was performed.​

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4- Seseli petraeum M. Bieb. (Apiaceae) Significantly Inhibited Cellular Growth of A549 Lung Cancer Cells through G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest
Authors: Ahsen Sevde Cinar, Filiz Bakar-Ates & Alev Onder

Nowadays, the interest in plants and herbal products is progressively increasing. The flora of Turkey is very rich in many types of plants, especially with endemic plants. It is a priority to investigate all aspects of aromatic and medicinal ones due to their lots of biological activities. Seseli species are also aromatic plants that have traditional and medicinal usages and famous in Asia and Europe. In our study, we examined the antiproliferative effects of extracts of root and herbal parts of Seseli petraeum, which is one of the Seseli species grows in a very narrow area, on some cancer cells. The promising results we obtained shed light on further studies on the medical use of the Seseli species.

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5- Anti-inflammatory and Anti-endoplasmic reticulum stress Effects of catalpol Against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Fangjie Bi, Yujia Xu, Guangxin Chen & Pan Wang

Catalpol has various biological activities, such as antidiabetic, anti-tumor, anti-aging, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotective activities. Nevertheless, little work has been done to investigate the cardiac effects of catalpol in diabetic models. In the present study, results suggested that catalpol treatment significantly ameliorated myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury by improving cardiac function, normalizing myocardial enzyme activities and markers of oxidative stress,. Additionally, the cardioprotective effects of catalpol were partly related to reductions in myocardial endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). These findings indicated for the first time that catalpol exerts cardioprotective effects in diabetic rats by attenuating inflammation and inhibiting ERS.

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6- Maternal and developmental toxicity after exposure to formulation of chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl during organogenesis in rats
Authors: Jaqueline N. da Silva, Nayara R. Monteiro, Patricia A. Antunes & Ana Paula A. Favareto

Chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl are fungicides widely used in agriculture. The agricultural benefits generated by the use of pesticides are usually accompanied by impacts to environment and human health, depending of exposure levels. Prenatal period is particularly susceptible to pesticides that can cause impact on embryo and fetal development. In this study, rats were exposed to fungicides in different dose during gestational period for evaluation of possible maternal and fetal toxicity. Changes in maternal liver and fetal growth and malformations in fetal skeletal system were observed. In conclusion, chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl exposure showed affect the prenatal development and induce maternal toxicity.

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7- Anti-inflammatory effects of vinpocetine in LPS stimulated microglia via activation of AMPK
Authors: Qin Zhou, Dongkai Guo, Xinjia Li, Yixuan Wang, Xiaoli Ye, Sudong Xue & Xiaoyu Wang

Vinpocetine is extracted from the periwinkle plant, and has been extensively used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders for decades. Microglia cells are the first line of defense against pathogens or injury in the central nervous system (CNS). This study investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of vinpocetine induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in BV2 microglia. Our results demonstrate that vinpocetine has anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia via inducing phosphorylation of AMPK, suggesting that vinpocetine is a potential therapeutic agent in neuroinflammatory injury.

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8- Potentiation of the Effect of Lonidamine by Quercetin in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells through downregulation of MMP-2/9 mRNA Expression
Authors: Erva Ozkan & Filiz Bakar-Ates

Cancer is an important cause of death worldwide and the importance of combination therapies on treatment of cancer gains importance. This study confirms the efficiency of a combination treatment including lonidamine, a known antineoplastic agent, and quercetin which is a flavonoid with potent pharmacological activities. The combination of these two compounds increased cytotoxicity of MCF-7 breast cancer cells than the effects of the compounds alone. The treatment of compounds in combination also induced apoptosis through increasing caspase levels and decreased MMP-2/-9 mRNA expression more potently. This study reveals that the combination of lonidamine with quercetin may be a candidate treatment strategy on struggling with cancer.

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9- Epigallocatechin gallate-capped gold nanoparticles enhanced the tumor suppressors let-7a and miR-34a in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Shady M. Mostafa Amira M. Gamal-Eldeen, Nabila Abd El Maksoud & Abdelgawad A. Fahmi

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), major constituent of green tea, possesses many biological activities. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) play an important role in drug delivery to carry promising agents to cells. This study investigated the effect of EGCG-capped AuNPs on liver cancer cells and on tumor suppressor factors (miR-34a and let-7a) and their targeted cell death mediators. Our results indicated that EGCG-AuNPs had antioxidant and cytotoxic effect on liver cells, as well as it increased the tumor suppressor factors. The study suggested EGCG-AuNPs as promising anti-cancer agent.

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10- The contribution of the 20^th century discoveries on the circulating DNA as biomarkers for cancer screening
Authors: Gilda Alves, Mariana Chantre & Lucas Delmonico

Circulating DNA assays through liquid biopsy are promising in the clinical practice for cancer screening and for monitoring treatment. This potential is becoming increasingly prominent, as commercial tests based on circulating DNA are currently available for investigation of some neoplasms.

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11- Does Sciaena umbra (Linnaeus 1758) otolith protect tissues against nephropathy, oxidative stress and infl ammation induced by ethylene glycol?
Authors: Laçine Aksoy, Mesturiye Yaylali & Mukhriddin Suyundikov

Sciaena umbra (Linnaeus 1758) is a marine fish. This fish has quite large otoliths. Sciaena umbra otolith is traditionally used by the public for the treatment of kidney stones. In the study, kidney stones were formed with ethylene glycol in rats. The effects of otolith on rats with kidney stones were examined. The results were evaluated by measuring kidney function tests, oxidant/antioxidant parameters, and inflammation markers. The study findings showed that otolith did not have a protective or therapeutic effect against kidney stones, moreover, it was effective in increasing nephropathy.

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12- D-Pinitol Increases Insulin Secretion and Regulates Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Msg-Obese Mice
Authors: Joel A. da Silva Júnior, Amanda C.V.F. da Silva, Letícia S. Figueiredo,Tthiago R. Araujo, Israelle N. Freitas, Everardo M. Carneiro, Elane S. Ribeiro & Rosane A. Ribeiro

D-pinitol is an inositol mainly found in plants and studies suggest that it has benefits on glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic conditions. However, is unclear whether this inositol could improve the metabolic impairments in obesity. Here, we investigated the effects of 30 days of D-pinitol treatment upon adiposity, and in the lipid and glycemic homeostasis in mice that became obese through neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG). D-pinitol in MSG mice did not reduce adiposity, nor ameliorated glucose homeostasis, but increased insulin secretion and hepatic fat deposition, alerting that in some types of obesity, D-pinitol might aggravate hepatic steatosis.

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HEALTH SCIENCES

13- Scenarios for the Spread of COVID-19 in Manaus, Northern Brazil
Authors: Sandro Bitar & Wilhelm Alexander Steinmetz

We use a compartmental model to project scenarios for the spread of COVID-19 in the city of Manaus, with different degrees of social distancing and isolation of infectious individuals. In a scenario without any containment measures, our projections point to more than 50,000 (simultaneously) infectious individuals before the end of April 2020. Only in a scenario with strict and extensive social distancing (lockdown), implemented and observed as of March 23rd, 2020, would this number be less than 50,000 in the first half of June.

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14- Effects of Emulsion Formulations of Oleuropein Isolated from Ethanol Extract of Olive Leaf in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ahmet  G. Aggul, Mine Gulaboglu, Meltem Cetin, Emrah Ozakar, Rukiye S. Ozakar & Tuba Aydin

The present study has demonstrated that Oleurope in can be successfully formulated as an emulsion in order to mask its unpleasant taste. Moreover, the emulsion formulation of Oleuropein exhibited a pronounced hypoglycemic effect, lowered the lipid peroxidation process, and improved the antioxidant defense system in a rat model experiment. In the study, both Oleuropein and its emulsion formulation administrations gave similar experimental results. These results convey that both formulations are equally effective, however, the emulsion formulation has an advantage over Oleuropein in that it is able to mask the bitter flavor of the compound.

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15- Schizophrenia-like behavior is not altered by melatonin supplementation in rodents
Authors: Arlindo C. Afonso, Felipe D. Pacheco, Lara Canever, Patricia G. Wessler, Gustavo A. Mastella, Amanda K. Godoi, Isabela Hubbe, Laura M. Bischoff, Alex Victor S. Bialecki & Alexandra I. Zugno

Melatonin have played important roles in many biological systems and functions, and appears to be promising in some brain disorders. The effect of melatonin on behavioral parameters in an animal model of schizophrenia was evaluated. Two different protocols were used and the results revealed that ketamine had effects on locomotor activity and prepulse inhibition, however, at least at the doses used, melatonin was not able to reverse/prevent ketamine damage. More studies are necessary to evaluate the role of melatonin as an adjuvant treatment in psychiatric disorders.

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16- COVID-19 pandemic outbreak: the Brazilian reality from the fi rst case to the collapse of health services
Authors: Cristiane M.L. de Melo, Guilherme A.S. Silva, Alanne R.S. Melo & Antônio C. de Freitas

Coronavirus is associated with several infectious diseases that cause outbreaks in humans, such as SARS in 2002-2003 and MERS in 2012. In December 2019, COVID-19, promoted by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was first reported in Wuhan (China) as a new coronavirus disease. The first case of COVID-19 reported in São Paulo city (Brazil) occurred in February 26th. Days later, 182 suspected cases in 16 states were being monitored. The primary measure in order to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 involved social isolation. This measure has a severe economic and social impact, as in other countries. We present an overview and scientific perspectives of the evolution of COVID-19 from Brazilian databases.

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17- Hemostatic abnormalities in COVID-19: A guided review
Author:  Plínio C. Sathler

The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has already taken on pandemic proportions, affecting over 213 countries in a matter of weeks. In this context, several studies correlating hemostatic disorders with the infection dynamics of the new coronavirus have emerged. This review proposes to present possible pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the hemostatic changes observed in the pathological progression of COVID-19. In this analysis, it is pointed the relationship between the downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and storm cytokines action with the onset of hypercoagulability state, other than the clinical events involved in thrombocytopenia and hyperfibrinolysis progression.

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18- Antimicrobial potential of Pectis substriata essential oil (Asteraceae) against drugresistant Staphylococcus strains
Authors: Genilson S. de Jesus, Ana C. Micheletti, Karen M. Takahashi, Tatiana Matayoshi, Arnildo Pott & Nídia C. Yoshida

Resistant bacterial infections represent one of the major threats in worldwide health services. In this scenario, plant essential oils are considered promising antimicrobial agents. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Pectis substriata essential oil alone and in combination with antibiotics, against human and animal clinical drug-resistant bacterial strains, working within the One Health concept. The oil proved active against resistant Gram-positive cocci Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus intermedius, and showed synergism with antibiotics, revealing its potential use as adjuvant or in the development of new alternative treatments of drug-resistant antimicrobial infections.

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19- Ammonia exposition during gestation induces neonatal oxidative damage in the brain and long-term cognitive alteration in rats
Authors:  Diogo Dominguini, Dhébora M. Dall’Igna, Lauro Nogueira, Amanda V. Steckert, Renata C. Gonçalves, Monique Michels, João Quevedo, Cristiane Ritter, Tatiana Barichello & Felipe Dal-Pizzol

Fetal blood ammonia concentrations can cause serious problems in the development of the fetus and these changes can persist even in adulthood. Our results suggest that gestational exposition to ammonia induces protein oxidative damage in the neonatal rat brain. Moreover, this exposition induces long-term cognitive impairment.  

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20- FAS gene polymorphisms (rs3740286 and rs4064) were not associated with pre-eclampsia risk
Authors: Sarah C.S.V. Tanaka, Ivanir C. Orlando Júnior, Andrezza C.C. Hortolani, Mariângela T.R. Cintra, Marly A.S. Balarin, Sueli R. da Silva & Cristina W. Pissetti

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a disease that affects pregnant women. It is characterized by increased blood pressure and protein elimination in the urine. PE is a major cause of maternal death and neonatal complications. The reason why some women develop PE is unclear. In order to search for clarification about the influence of genetic factors on the appearance of PE, our research proposed to study common genetic variations in one of the genes involved in the programmed cell death process, called FAS (apoptosis). We did not find any association between the polymorphisms studied and the development of PE, in a sample of Brazilian women.

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21-Topical hydrogel containing Achyrocline satureioides oily extract (free and nanocapsule) has anti-infl ammatory effects and thereby minimizes irritant contact dermatitis
Authors: Vanessa S. Machado, Camila Camponogara, Sara M. Oliveira, Matheus D. Baldissera, Michele R. Sagrillo, Samanta da S. Gundel, Ana Paula T. da Silva, Aline F. Ourique, Bruna Klein, Roger Wagner, Roberto C.V. Santos & Aleksandro S. da Silva

The irritant contact dermatitis is a common problem in humans and animals. Achyrocline satureioides oil can be considered an alternative to treat skin injuries; but the nanotechnology appears as a promising alternative to improve product stability and protect the active compounds from chemical or physical degradation. A. satureioides oil nanoencapsulation decreased ear edema UVB radiation-induced. Topical treatments with A. satureioides oil reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Oil nanoencapsulation potentiate the anti-inflammatory effect.

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22- Gene Expression Profiling in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Response to Treponema pallidum Subspecies pallidum
Authors: Fan Wu, Kangjie Shen, Yi Xie, Hongye Wang, Yifan Sun & Qianqiu Wang

This study is the first report on global gene expression patterns in HBMECs in response to T. pallidumwhich is the pathogen of neurosyphilis. The results revealed that 249 genes were differentially expressed in HBMECs infected with T. pallidum. In particular, genes encoding proteins involved in bacterial adhesion, endothelial cell activation and immune response were regulated by T. pallidum. Furthermore, GO enrichment analysis and KEGG analysis were performed to determine the biological functions of these differentially expressed genes. These data develop a new platform for further molecular experiments on the pathogenesis of neurosyphilis.

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23- Taurine Chloramine decreases cell viability and cytokine production in blood and spleen lymphocytes from septic rats
Authors:  Dhébora M. Dall’Igna, Jaqueline M. da Luz, Francieli Vuolo, Monique Michels & Felipe Dal-Pizzol

Taurine (Tau) is an abundant amino acid in polymorphonuclear leukocytes that react with hypochlorous acid to form taurine chloramine (TauCl) under inflammatory conditions. Determine the effects to TauCl on production of important inflammatory mediators such as cytokines by lymphocytes seems to be fundamental to understanding its role in immune dysfunction associated with sepsis. Our data suggest that TauCl could contribute to immune modulation during sepsis by decreasing lymphocyte viability, especially at early stages (24 hours) and by altering secretion pattern of important inflammatory mediators.

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24- Whole purple grape juice increases nitric oxide production after training session in high level beach handball athletes
Authors: Manoel Miranda Neto, Lydiane L.T. Toscano, Renata L. Tavares, Luciana T. Toscano, Orranette P. Padilhas, Cássia S.O. da Silva, Gilberto S. Cerqueira & Alexandre S. Silva

Previous studies have shown that grape juice delays fatigue in running exercises and this effect had the participation of the antioxidant aspect. Knowing that oxidative stress is a consequence of training, it was verified whether this juice would help in post-exercise recovery, by accelerating antioxidant activity. In fact, we see an increase in plasma nitrite, a marker of nitric oxide (involved in antioxidant activity). Serum markers of muscle damage and inflammation were not affected. The results raise the possibility that grape juice can contribute to recovery after exercises in the beach handball game.

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25- Evaluation of Epicardial Adipose Tissue by Echocardiography and Its Correlation with Aortic Velocity Propagation and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ramazan AsoğLu, Mahmut Ö Zdemir, Nesim Aladağ & Emin AsoğLu

Diabetic patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to the progression of atherosclerosis. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has multiple protective roles in inflammation and atherosclerosis. Epicardial fat thickness (EFT), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and aortic velocity propagation (AVP) measurements could provide additional information on assessing subclinical atherosclerosis in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. We showed that EFT and CIMT were significantly higher and AVP was significantly lower in the NIDDM patients. Our study presented that higher EFT, CIMT and lower AVP values might be related to the progression of atherosclerosis in NIDDM patients.

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26- Leaf extracts of Campomanesia xanthocarpa positively regulates atheroscleroticrelated protein expression
Authors: Eduardo B.B. Cunha, Natália F. da Silva, Jean de Lima, Julia A. Serrato, Carlos A.M. Aita & Roberto H. Herai

Extracts of guavirova leaves from Campomanesia xanthocarpa (GE) have been demonstrated potential effects in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic plaque formation by reducing the levels of cholesterol and serum oxidative stress. Here, we show that GE affects cell viability and migration when used at high concentrations. We also show that GE caused a decrease in the expression of ICAM-1 and CD14 in monocytes treated with IFN-γ. In endothelial cells, it was also found a decrease in the expression of CD14 and PECAM-1 with IFN-γ. Together, our findings strongly suggest GE can effectively contribute to the reduction of chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis and protecting endothelial integrity.

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27- Effects of grape juice consumption on muscle fatigue and oxidative stress in judo athletes: a randomized clinical trial
Authors:  Maria Júlia V.C. Goulart, Daniela S. Pisamiglio, Gabriella B. Möller, Caroline Dani, Fernanda D. Alves, Patrícia M. Bock & Cláudia D. Schneider

Grape juice is an important source of polyphenols, compounds with an expressive antioxidant activity. These compounds could protect against the oxidative stress induced by strenuous exercise, for example. Twenty two judo athletes were included in this randomized, double-blind clinical trial into grape juice and placebo groups, and they consumed grape juice or placebo daily 14 days in a crossover model. The consumption of grape juice can improve parameters of oxidative stress by reducing the lipid and DNA damage. Although the period of consumption of polyphenols was short, consumption over the years could provide benefits to athletes. 

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28-  Impact of different exercise intensities on pregnant rats and on their offspring
Authors: Aline O. Netto, Nathália C. Dias Macedo, Franciane Q. Gallego, Yuri K. Sinzato, gustavo T. Volpato, Elena Zambrano & Débora C. Damasceno

To evaluate the different maternal exercise intensities on maternal and fetal outcomes, pregnant Wistar rats were distributed into four experimental groups: Control (Not exercise group - 0% of the anaerobic threshold- AT), mild (20%), moderate (80%), and heavy-exercise intensity (140% of AT) related to swimming-induced physical intensity. The mild and moderate-swimming caused no change in fetal viability and maternal oxidative stress status. However, mildly exercised rats presented respiratory alkalosis, while heavy intensity swimming led to maternal respiratory acidosis and smaller fetuses for gestational age. These findings confirm that physical intensity should be carefully conducted to avoid maternal complications and fetal injuries.

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29- Tissue reaction and anti-biofilm action of new biomaterial composed of latex from Hancornia speciosa Gomes and silver nanoparticles
Authors: Jéssica M. Bonete, Guilherme D. Silva, Éder J. Guidelli, Pablo J. Gonçalves, Luciane M. Almeida, Oswaldo Baffa & Angela Kinoshita

In this work, the natural latex extracted from Hancornia speciosa was incorporated with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) to compose a functional biomaterial associating the intrinsic angiogenic activity of the latex and the antimicrobial activity of AgNP. The tissue reaction experiment showed that AgNP did not interfere with the angiogenic activity of latex. This biomembrane was efficient against bacterial biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus. Since bacterial biofilms in the wound bed are frequent causes of delayed repair and healing, resulting in chronic conditions, this biomaterial has potential for the tissue repair process and future applications as dressing.

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30- Effects of green tea extract combined with brisk walking on lipid profiles and the liver function in overweight and obese men: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-control trial
Authors: Tengfei Zhang, Ningxia Li, Si Chen, Zhenqing Hou & Atsushi Saito

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) combined with brisk walking on lipid profiles and the liver function in overweight and obese men. Twenty-four participants were randomized to either the GTE group or the placebo group for 12 weeks with a 4-week follow-up. After 12-week intervention, GTE group resulted in a significant difference in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels when compared to placebo group (P < 0.01). The study has a more positive effect on the liver function than brisk walking alone.

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31- Dietary cucurbitacin E reduces high-strength altitude training induced oxidative stress, infl ammation and immunosuppression
Authors: Hezhi Xie, Xinling Tuo, Feng Zhang, Laura Bowen, Wei Zhao & Yuyou Xu

Professional athletes conduct high-intensitive hypoxic training often accompanied by the increase of many inflammatory-related cytokines and immunosuppression. Cucurbitacin E (CucE), as a triterpenoid isolated from Cucurbitaceae plants, holds potential as potential dietary supplement for athletes to improve inflammatory response and immunosuppression by attenuating critical cytokine expression through down-regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.

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32- Anti-urolithiatic activity of Salvia hispanica L. seeds in ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis rat’s model
Authors: Uzma Saleem, Nazir Ahmad, Muhammad Ajmal Shah, Fareeha Anwar & Bashir Ahmad

Salvia hispanica seeds are being traditionally used in kidney problems. The present study was aimed to explore the effect of Salvia hispanica seeds extract on urolithiasis to provide scientific evidence. Ethylene glycol (0.75% v/v) and ammonium chloride (1% w/v) were given to animals in drinking water for the initial three days followed by ethylene glycol (0.75% v/v) alone for the next eighteen days for induction of urolithiasis in rats. Animals were treated with extract at 100, 300 & 700 mg/kg doses orally. In-vitro and in-vivo assays result scientifically proved the anti-urolithiatic potential of Salvia hispanica seeds.

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33- Antioxidant activitiy of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sake and Lactobacillus curvatus strains isolated from fermented Turkish Sucuk
Authors: Mürüvvet Düz, Yağmur Nil Doğan & Ilkay Doğan

Nowadays, the increased interest of consumers in products that do not contain chemical additives and have properties that are natural and positively affect health has accelerated the studies on this subject. All microorganisms used in the present study exhibited antioxidant properties with all tested methods and this study demonstrated that the antioxidant properties of LAB were strain specific. The studied microorganisms are promising for use in nutrient and probiotic applications. Consequently, the properties of L. plantarum IH14L, L. plantarum IH16L and L. curvatus GH5L strains should be examined at molecular level and further in vivo studies should be conducted.

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34- Development of nanoparticles coated with cassava bagasse pectin (Manihot esculenta Crantz) containing β-carotene for mucoadhesive applications
Authors: Bianca Coelho, Letícia Mazzarino, Heloísa S. Pitz, Clarissa Feltrin, Ana Paula L. Voytena, Daniela S. Coelho, Naira F.Z. Schneider, Enilto O. Neubert, Cláudia M.O. Simões & Marcelo Maraschin

Pectin (PC) extracted from a solid residue from cassava roots (Manihot esculenta Crantz) was used to coat nanoparticles (NP) containing β-carotene (BC) aiming at the gastrointestinal administration of this lipophilic nutraceutical. Thus, two nanoparticle systems were developed. PC-coated NP efficiently encapsulated BC (> 95%). In addition, the mucoadhesive properties of BC PC T20-NP (nanoparticle with β-carotene, pectin and Tween 20) demonstrated excellent ability of mucin interaction by adhesion mechanism. These results suggest that pectin-coated BC PC T20-NP is a promising strategy to improve the bioavailability and permeation of BC for administration through mucosal surfaces.

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35- Promising Nanostructured Materials against Enveloped Virus
Authors:  Gabriel G. deToledo, Victor H. Toledo, Alexandre J.C. Lanfredi, Marcia Escote, Ana Champi, Maria Cristina C. da Silva & Iseli L. Nantes-Cardoso

Contamination of surfaces contributes to the spread of viruses such as COVID-19. Therefore, strategies that enable rapid inactivation of viruses that reach surfaces, like a tissue, are an important way of preventing contagion. Nanotechnology can be used to inactivate viruses on surfaces using materials such as zinc oxide, titanium, iron, etc., which are capable of producing highly oxidizing species capable of destroying viruses. Nanostructures like graphene are able to disrupt the viral structure. The use of nanostructures requires paying attention to safety rules for health and environmental protection.

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36- Effects of the inclusion of açai oil in diet of prepartum Holstein cows on milk production, somatic cell counts and future lactation
Authors:  Daiane S. dos Santos, Vanderlei Klauck, Carine F. Souza, Matheus D. Baldissera, Cleiton Theisen, Bruna Bordignon, Davi F. Alba, João H. Reis, Roger R. Gebert, Marcelo Vedovatto, Aleksandro S. da Silva

The nutrition of cows in transition, mainly pre-calving, has a direct effect on the quality of colostrum and future lactation. Açai oil added in prepartum cow feed stimulates the antioxidant system, reducing serum lipid peroxidation and free radical levels. Lower activity of muscle injury biomarker enzymes on the day of partum was observed, a consequence of the lower oxidative imbalance and inflammatory response in cows that consumed açai oil. The consumption of acai oil by cows also increased serum levels of globulins, corresponding to an improvement in the immune response in a critical period of the life of these animals. Although the açai diet was only offered during the prepartum period, this group of cows had greater milk yields and lower somatic cell counts during of analyses in the transition period, and these are some of the primary variables in terms of milk quality analysis. 

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37- Relationship between the hsa miR 150- 5p and FTO gene expression in white subcutaneous adipose tissue with overweight/ obesity, lipid profi le and glycemia
Authors:  Vitor N. Moraes, André L. Queiroz, Daniel Martone, Jhennyfer A.L. Rodrigues, Matheus M. Gomes, Wilson Salgado Júnior & Carlos Roberto Bueno Jr

Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease that can lead to the development of severe health issues. However, it still is not known all the factors involved with this disease. In this original research paper, the authors aim to verify the relationship of anthropometrical and biochemical blood parameters of obese and overweight individuals with the FTO and hsa-mir-150-5p expression. They showed that higher FTO gene expression is related to increased values of body mass index, LDL-C, and fasting blood glucose. The authors concluded that the FTO gene expression is a good molecular marker of obesity.    

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38- Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. to combat the biofilm-dependents diseases in vitro
Authors: Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza, Cleildo P. de Santana, Ilza Maria de Oliveira Sousa, Mary Ann Foglio, Francinalva D. de Medeiros & Ana Cláudia D. de Medeiros

Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most prevalent of biofilm-dependent diseases. With numerous side effects on chlorhexidine use, the search for new safe therapeutic alternatives for microorganisms involved with these diseases increases every day. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl bark extracts against five oral microorganisms and analyzed their phytochemical and thermal degradation profiles. All samples were able to inhibit the growth of the microorganisms tested and showed no cytotoxicity. The samples used are potential candidates for use in dental formulations for biofilm control based on the results.

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39- Antimicrobial potential of Copaiba Oil (Copaifera multijuga Hayne-Leguminosae) against bubaline mastitis multiresistant isolates
Authors: Divânia Fônseca Franco de Oliveira, Thiago Pajeú Nascimento, Cláudio Henrique Rodrigues, Juanize Matias da Silva Batista, Tatiana Pereira, Shiu Lin Liu, Elizabeth Sampaio de Medeiros, Rinaldo Aparecido Mota, Romero Marcos Pedrosa Brandão Costa, Tatiana Souza Porto, Camila Souza Porto & Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto

Copaiba oil is a natural product used by Amazonian populations and recognized for its medicinal properties because it has significant antimicrobial activity for several pathogenic microorganisms. The present work aimed to evaluate and characterize the effect of natural oil produced by copaiba – Copaifera multijuga against multiresistant isolates of bubaline mastitis. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of 25% to 3.12% was obtained for Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli and 50% and 25% for Staphylococcus aureus, but Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis were resistant. The results demonstrated the great potential of using copaiba natural oil in the treatment of buffalo mastitis.

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40- Chitosan gels for buccal delivery of Schinus molle L. essential oil in dogs: characterization and antimicrobial activity in vitro
Authors: Melina C.C. Alves, Douglas S.A. Chaves, Byanca R. Benevenuto, Beatriz O. de Farias, Shana M.O. Coelho, Thais P. Ferreira, Geraldo A. Pereira, Gabriela C.M. dos Santos, Leandra O. Moreira, Juliana P. Freitas & Yara P. Cid

Periodontal disease is considered the main oral cavity disorder in dogs. Essential oils have the potential for use in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. The work highlights the potential use of Schinus molle L. essential oil as an antimicrobial as well as its incorporation in mucoadhesive formulations to be used for buccal mucosa delivery in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease in dogs.

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41- Clinico-epidemiological and sociodemographic profile of HIV/AIDS patients who are co-infected with Toxoplasma gondii in the border region of Brazil
Authors: Neide M. Moreira & Janielle Chrislaine Moro

To evaluate the clinico-epidemiological and sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors for the human immunodeficiency virus in patients who were co-infected with T. gondii in the border region of Brazil, was used a questionnaire and medical records. Of the 332 patients assessed, 111 had serology for toxoplasmosis, which was prevalent among patients who were 18-60 years old, had education up to the 4th grade of elementary school, ate raw vegetables from home, handled soil without gloves, drank untreated water, and allowed street cats to enter their homes.  The results may contribute to public health, especially in border regions with characteristics similar.

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42- Molluscicidal activity of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) stem bark ethanolic extract against the snail Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818): a novel plant-derived molluscicide?
Authors:  Yasmim R.R. Silva, Luciana D. Silva, Thiago L. Rocha, Daniela B. dos Santos, José Clecildo B. Bezerra, Karine B. Machado, Joelma A.M. de Paula & Vanessa C.S. Amaral

Schistosomiasis is considered a worldwide public health problem. In the last decades, plant extracts have been evaluated as an alternative for controlling the intermediate host snails of the parasite that causes this disease. Thus, this study analyzed the activity of the crude ethanolic extract of Persea americana stem bark, popularly known as avocado, against all developmental stages of the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata. Results showed that the crude ethanolic extract of P. americana stem bark is a potential candidate for molluscicide and can contribute to the control of host snails and to the reduction of schistosomiasis transmission.

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43- Role of the endocannabinoid system on the antihyperalgesic action of gabapentin in animal model of neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation
Authors: Alexandre C. Buffon, Marcelo A. Javornik, Ana C. Heymanns, Daiana C. Salm, Verônica V. Horewicz, Daniel F. Martins & Anna P. Piovezan

Gabapentin’s antihyperalgesic action in neuropathic pain models needs to be better elucidated. We investigated the contribution of the endocannabinoid to this. Mus musculus Swiss, male, were submitted to partial sciatic ligation and on n the 7^th and 14^th days post injury, different groups were treated with CB1 or CB2 receptor antagonist, via central (intratecal) or local (intraplantar). Mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed with von Frey monofilament. Gabapentin’s antihypernociception was attenuated by pretreatment with AM281 (7^th and 14^th day; intratecal and intraplantar) and AM630 (only 14^th day; only intraplantar). Different endocannabinoid receptors contribute to the antihyperalgesic action of gabapetin in neuropathic pain.

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44- Prevalence of Illicit Drug Use During Pregnancy: A Global Perspective
Authors: Ronan A. Tavella, Victória O.M. de Abreu, Ana Luiza Muccillo-Baisch & Flávio M.R. da Silva Júnior

Illicit drug use during pregnancy has become a global public health problem, resulting in clinical and social challenges related to maternal and child health. In this context, this review identified the prevalence of illicit drug use during gestation across the globe and revealed worrying data about pregnant drug-user population, mainly the underestimation of prevalence in studies that use only questionnaires or similar methods in comparison to studies that use toxicological analysis of biological matrices. This scenario reveals the need for health systems in different countries to establish specific public health policies for this population.  

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45- Production of HPMC-films for lactase administration
Authors: Heloísa R.P.  da Silva, Natália Stevanato, Vitor A.S. Garcia & Camila da Silva

Lactose intolerance is considered to be a disease that mainly affects children and has a great impact on people lives and developing alternatives for lactase administration becomes promising, which may assist in their administration, commonly used in the form of capsules and liquid medicines. As an alternative for drug administration, like HPMC-films can be a good option for lactase administration, as it presents desirable characteristics for consumers.

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46- Impact of prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure on the development of rats
Authors: Marina G. Silva, Guilherme C. Daros, Gabriela M. Santos, Isabella P. Angelino, Rafael M. Bitencourt & Jucélia J. Fortunate

During the development of organisms, the central nervous system (CNS) is influenced by several factors that modulate epigenetic mechanisms and systems' functioning. When compromised, molecular mechanisms can cause irreversible changes associated with neuropsychiatry. Rodents, when exposed to adverse events in the intrauterine period, exhibit physiological and behavioral changes. Due to one of the ways to study CNS development is to observe the ontogenesis of reflex, we exposed animals to maternal inflammation during pregnancy and evaluated their evolution in the postnatal period. We conclude that maternal infections can impair functional and structural aspects of the offspring's CNS and physical characteristics.

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47- Protease from Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262: Evaluation of several specific  protease activities and purification of a fibrinolytic enzyme
Authors: Thiago P. Nascimento, Amanda Emmanuelle S. Conniff, José Arion da Silva Moura, Juanize Matias da Silva Batista, Romero Marcos P.B. Costa, Camila S. Porto, Galba Maria C. Takaki, Tatiana S. Porto & Ana Lúcia F. Porto

The industrial demand for proteolytic enzymes is stimulating the search for new enzyme sources. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of protease production by solid state fermentation of Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262, evaluate different specific activities, purify and partially characterize the enzyme in terms of biochemical as to the optimal pH and temperature. Initially the enzyme crude extract was screened for 3 different proteolytic activities, collagenolytic (161.4 U/mL), keratinolytic (39.6 U/mL) and fibrinolytic (26.1 U/mL) in addition to conventional proteinase activity. These characteristics suggest that they enzymes could be efficiently produced in a simple and low-cost.

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48- Anti-Leishmania amazonensis activity of the terpenoid fraction from Eugenia  pruniformis leaves and chemical composition of the flowers essential oil
Authors:  Ricardo D.D.G. Albuquerque, Adriana P. Oliveira, Christian Ferreira , Carlos L.A.  Passos, Eliane Fialho, Deivid C. Soares, Veronica F. Amaral, Gabrielle B. Bezerra,  Ricardo S. Esteves, Marcelo G. Santos, André L.M. Albert & Leandro Rocha

Natural products constitute an important source of chemical compounds with leishmanicidal potential. The present study evaluated the effect of terpenoid fraction of Eugenia pruniformis leaves (TF-EpL) against Leishmania amazonensis parasites. The data show that TF-EpL was active against the promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of the parasite, altering the cell cycle and reactive oxygen species production, besides inducing incidental death. The fractionation of TF-EpL led to the isolation of compounds β-sitosterol, ursolic acid, corosolic acid and asiatic acid. Results showed the antileishmanial activity of E. pruniformis and its potential for further studies as a source of new drugs for leishmaniasis.

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49-  Oral and uterine leiomyomas exhibit high immunoexpression of Cripto-1
compared to normal myometrium
Authors: Andre F. Silva, Emmily C.C. da Silva, Claudia N. Oliveira, Keyla B.F. Rocha, Marcia C.C. Miguel & Joabe S. Pereira

Leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors in women. Many of them are associated with significant morbidity. The present study aimed to analyze different characteristics, including immunoexpression of Cripto-1, in oral and uterine leiomyomas, and normal myometrium. Our results indicate that there are histomorphological and immunoexpression similarities between oral and uterine leiomyomas, as well as differences between these neoplasms and normal myometrium. The findings associated with Cripto-1 suggest that this protein may contribute to the development of both oral and uterine leiomyomas, emphasizing its role in cell proliferation and repair processes with hyaline matrix production.

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50- Fasted condition in multicomponent training does not affect health parameters in physically active post-menopausal women
Authors:  Jhennyfer A.L. Rodrigues, Thaís H.A. Cunha, Letícia P. Ferezin & Carlos R. Bueno-Júnior

The effects of multicomponent fasting training in the context of the aging process are currently unknown. Therefore, we examined the influence of 12 weeks of multi-component fasting training on body composition, weight loss and metabolic health markers in physically active postmenopausal women, as well as the intake of micro and macronutrients on different days of the week before and after the intervention. Our main finding suggests that multicomponent training on fasting or fed does not affect health parameters in physically active postmenopausal women.

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51- Resistance training prevents the reduction of insulin-mediated vasodilation in the mesenteric artery of dexamethasone-treated rats
Authors: João E.S. Araujo, Fabrício N. Macedo, Davi P.M. Oliveira, Raquel M. Britto, Jullyana S.S. Quintans, Rosana S.S. Barreto,Mmarcio R.V. Santos, Lucindo J. Quintans-Junior & André S. Barreto

The use of the glucocorticoids in single dose and/or chronic can lead to metabolic disorders such as, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. This can lead to peripheral vascular disease, due to the damage caused to the vascular endothelium, increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality caused. In the present study, the effect of resistance training on preventing the side effects of glucocorticoids on insulin-induced vasodilatation was evaluated. The main results were that resistance training, even in the presence of high doses of glucocorticoids, was able to prevent metabolic disorders, and damage to the vasodilator pathway, and attenuate the vasoconstrictor response.

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52- Physical exercise associated with vitamin D chronic supplementation reduces kidney injury induced by monosodium glutamate
Authors: Kesia Zanuzo, Zoé M. Guareschi, Anna Caroliny Detogni, Luiz Pierre Huning, Patrick F. Rodrigues, Elaine M. Porto, Sabrina Grassiolli & João Paulo A. Amorim

Obesity can cause many structural, hemodynamic, and metabolic alterations in the kidney. The objective of this research of this research was to evaluate the effects of chronic vitamin D supplementation associated with regular swimming over renal histomorphometric aspects in obese rats. In MSG-obese rats, there was such as a decrease in the glomerular structure to compared to the control group. In MSG-SVD, MSG-ENS, and MSG-EVD animals, there was an increase in the cortical thickness and reduction of tubular degeneration in relation to the MSG group. We conclude that physical exercise associated with Vitamin D supplementation can prevent of renal injury.

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53- Antifungal and anti-biofilm effect of the calcium channel blocker verapamil on non-albicans Candida species
Authors: Liliana Scorzoni, Raquel T. de Menezes, Thais Cristine Pereira, Priscila dos Santos Oliveira, Felipe de Camargo Ribeiro, Evelyn Luzia S. Souza, Luciana R. de Oliveira Fugisaki, Luciane D. de Oliveira & José Benedito O. Amorim

Candida is a fungal pathogen that causes a wide range of diseases. The available antifungals for candidiasis treatment are limited and the investigation of effective drugs is needed. Here, we investigated the effect of verapamil on cell viability and its antifungal and anti-biofilm activity in non-albicans Candida species. Verapamil was not toxic to keratinocyte cells; moreover, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata were susceptible to verapamil. Verapamil treatment reduced viability, biomass, and mitochondrial activity of non-albicans Candida species biofilms. These findings highlight the importance of verapamil as an alternative treatment for infections caused by non-albicans Candida species.

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All abstracts of the publications were provided by the respective authors.

Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences
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