Newsletter - Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences

ISSUE 31

AABC - Volume 91.1 - March 2019

The first issue of the Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (AABC) published in 2019 presents 55 articles, distributed in areas as follows: Mathematical Sciences (2), Chemical Sciences (3), Earth Sciences (3), Biological Sciences (33), Biomedical Sciences (2), Agrarian Sciences (2), Health Sciences (8) and Social Sciences (2). As usual, it is hard to choose the highlights.

In Biological Sciences, the topics addressed vary from the evaluation of water quality in an estuary in Aracaju to ecological features of crustaceans in protected areas of Argentina. There is also a study that explores the relation of plants and archeological sites in northern Brazil and studies concentrated on aspects of conservation in a variety of biomes.

One paper in Agrarian Sciences deals with the development of a way to characterize the intensity of droughts in the Rio Doce basin (Minas Gerais), a region that is quite under scrutiny these days.

Other interesting articles are related to the harm of alcoholism in women and how maternal heath might affect offspring metabolism (Health Sciences).

Lastly, I would like to call your attention to an article that focus on public engagement in science in Latin America, indicating that, despite the several problems, the interest from the population in what scientists are doing is apparently increasing - what is good news.
Please keep notice that previous editions of the Newsletter are available at the ABC website. All abstracts of the newsletters have been provided by the authors. Since 2000, all papers published by the AABC can be downloaded free of charge at the SciELO site.
We are now inviting you to scroll through the text and click on the title of the article that interests you!

Alexander W. A. Kellner
Editor-in-Chief

MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

1- The Nadarajah-Haghighi Lindley distribution
Authors: Fernando A. Peña-Ramirez, Renata R. Guerra and Gauss M. Cordeiro

We define a new lifetime model based on compounding the Lindley and Nadarajah-Haghighi distributions. The proposed distribution is very competitive to other lifetime models. Some of its mathematical properties are investigated including generating function, mean residual life, moments, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves and mean deviations. We discuss the estimation of the model parameters by maximum likelihood. We provide a simulation study and two applications to real data for illustrative purposes.  We prove empirically that the new distribution yields good fits to both data sets, and it can be a useful alternative for other classical lifetime models.

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2- A new class of lifetime models and the evaluation of the confidence intervals by double percentile bootstrap    
Authors: Pedro R.D. Marinho, Marcelo Bourguignon, Rodrigo B. Silva and Gauss M. Cordeiro

In this paper, we introduce a new three-parameter distribution by compounding the Nadarajah-Haghighi and geometric distributions. We prove that the new distribution can be obtained as a compound model with mixing exponential distribution. It can have decreasing, increasing, upside-down bathtub, bathtub-shaped, constant and decreasing-increasing-decreasing failure rate. Some mathematical properties of the new distribution are studied including moments and quantile function. The maximum likelihood estimation procedure is discussed and a particle swarm optimization algorithm is provided for estimating the model parameters. The flexibility of the new model is illustrated with an application to a real data set.

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CHEMICAL SCIENCES    

3- Monitoring of air quality before the Olympic Games Rio 2016
Authors: Luciana M.B. Ventura, Michelle B. Ramos, Jéssica O. Santos and Adriana Gioda 

Due to the importance of athletes' health, as well as to evaluate the influence of civil works, air quality was monitored in Rio de Janeiro before, during and after the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. In this paper, we present the results of monitoring in the three years prior to Rio 2016 and discuss the relationship with civil works.

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4- Surface modification of activated carbon by corona treatment
Authors: Matheus F.F. Pego, Maria Lúcia Bianchi, Janaína A. Carvalho and Taís R.L.A. Veiga

In this manuscript, we performed a surface modification (oxidation) in powdered commercial activated carbons using corona treatment. Corona treatment is a high voltage and frequency electric discharge that can cause surface oxidation through ionization. Surface chemistry was affected by corona treatment. Surface acidity was increased due to exposure time. Surface oxidation was performed culminating in formation of new functional groups. Surface modified activated carbons can be used for adsorption of specific molecules and improve adsorption capacity of activated carbons.

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5- Phenolic compounds from the rhizome of Renealmia nicolaioides Loes.: a new diarylheptanoid
Authors: Kathlyn V. Gevú, Mário G. de Carvalho, Ilna G. da Silva, Helena R.P. Lima, Rosane N. Castro and Maura da Cunha

Two known diarylheptanoids, 1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-(1E)-1-hepten-3-one (1), and 5R-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1E-hepten-5-ol (2), and a new one (1R,2S,5S)-2-hydroxy-1,7(p-hydroxyphenyl)-centrolobine (3), as well as one flavonoid, 3-metoxi-quercetin (4) were isolated and identified in dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of the rhizome of Renealmia nicolaioides. Four compounds are reported for the first time for Renealmia, and this is the first occurrence of compound 1 as a natural metabolite.

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EARTH SCIENCES

6- Porcupine gnaw marks on a Late Pliocene bone from the Upper Siwaliks exposed near Village Khetpurali (Haryana, India)
Authors: Jagjeet Kaur, Rajeev Patnaik, Bahadur Singh and Kewal Krishan

Porcupines are well-known bone accumulators and gnaw bones for incisor sharpening and nutrient intake. They leave characteristic marks on the bones that can be very distinctive showing visible edges and grooves creating clear broad and shallow furrows. Here we report for the first time, porcupine (Hystrix sp.) gnaw marks on a bone fragment dated to ~2.6 Ma (Late Pliocene) from the Upper Siwalik deposits exposed near Khetpurali (Haryana), India. Our finding adds another taphonomic process of Siwalik vertebrate accumulation, which earlier was considered only as either fluvial or made by carnivores.

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7- The performance of the (U+Th)/He thermochronology laboratory at UNESP Rio Claro, Brazil
Authors: Marli C. Siqueira-Ribeiro, Danieli F.C. Marin, Peter C. Hackspacher and Finlay M. Stuart

Relationship between different thermochronogical techniques for example, apatite fission track and apatite (U+Th)/He provides unrivalled ability to quantify the denudation of shallow crust.  These low temperature thermochronological techniques are now routinely applied to the reconstruction of geodynamic.  UNESP Rio Claro has been routinely performing analysis of apatite and zircon for many years and  has recently been complemented with a new laboratory for apatite (U+Th)/He thermochronology. The main goal is to combine both techniques to unravelling the complex pre- and post-break up tectonic evolution of the Atlantic Ocean margin of Brazil, and the conjugate margin in Africa.

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8- Neotectonics as a structural control of the boundaries of the Pantanal Matogrossense Sub-Regions
Authors: Camila L. Mioto, Gustavo Amorim, Romulo Machado, Fabrício B. Dalmas, Ana Paula G. Oliveira,  Antonio R. Saad, Marco Antonio Diodato and Antonio C. Paranhos Filho

Located in the Upper Paraguay Hydrographic Basin, Pantanal is a peculiar region and can be divided in distinct sub-regions, the “Pantanais”. Pantanal is a tectonically active sedimentary region, with evidences of present and recent tectonic activity. In this manuscript, we conclude that there is a certain relationship between structural lineaments and the external boundaries of the Pantanais, even when observing the limits obtained by different researchers by means of distinct datasets. The main contribution of this work agrees with several studies that have discussed the evidences of neotectonic activity in the region, conditioning the boundaries of the Pantanal sub-regions.

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BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES  

9- Antifungal susceptibility of yeasts isolated from anthropogenic watershed
Authors: Ana C.M. Milanezi, João P.D. Witusk and Sueli T. Van Der Sand

Yeasts are unicellular fungi widespread in the environment, and studies suggest that there is a positive correlation between yeast and polluted aquatic environments. The aim of this study was to analyze the diversity and resistance to antifungals of yeasts isolated from water samples. Yeast isolates from the Arroio Dilúvio were subjected to susceptibility assays against antifungals using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, and amplification of the ITS1-5.8S-IT2 region. Susceptibility tests showed a high prevalence of resistance to azole antifungals. The resistance to antifungals of the samples reinforces the importance of environmental microbiota studies.

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10- Lizard assemblages on sandy coastal plains in southeastern Brazil: An analysis of occurrence and composition, and the role of habitat structure
Authors: Jane C.F. Oliveira, Juliane Pereira-Ribeiro, Gisele R. Winck and Carlos F.D. Rocha

We studied lizard communities in five sandy coastal plains remnants in southeastern Brazil. Our principal hypothesis was that these lizard communities are structured primarily by local habitat factors. We found that the different lizard communities on the sampled sandy coastal plains are similar in their structure (species richness and composition), with their variations reflecting differences in the local environment. These findings have important implications for the conservation of lizard at different scales and reinforces the importance of integrated conservation measures that prioritize the management of the different mesohabitats found within the ecosystem.

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11- Zooplankton community attributes in an oligo-mesotrophic reservoir: A-comparative study of two sampling strategies
Authors: Rafael L. Macêdo, Vanessa G. Lopes, Betina Kozlowsky-Suzuki and Christina W.C. Branco

In this paper we show a study comparing two common strategies to sample zooplankton in reservoirs. As a result, we have shown that surface samples collected by bucket and vertically integrated samples collected by the zooplankton net provide different results on the zooplankton community and that different components of the community are sampled with different degrees of efficiency. In summary, herein we were able to help other researchers to choose the best technic for their ecological data collections and that their efficiencies should be evaluated according to specific purposes.

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12- Ecotoxicology assay for the evaluation of environmental water quality in a tropical urban estuary
Authors: Jeamylle Nilin, Anderson A.O. Santos and Meggie K.S. Nascimento

This study aimed to evaluate the water quality in the Poxim river estuary in Aracaju, Sergipe throughout the dry and rainy seasons by evaluating the survival of the microcrustacean Mysidopsis juniae and physicochemical analyses. These results suggest that pollutants received and carried by the waters of the Poxim river contribute to the reduction of environmental quality in the estuary, and this impact vary according to dry and rainy patterns, that are uncertain considering the impacts of climate change on tropical regions.

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13- Anticipating the response of the Brazilian giant earthworm (Rhinodrilus alatus) to climate change: implications for its traditional use
Authors:  Frederic M. Hughes, José Eugênio Côrtes-Figueira and Maria Auxiliadora Drumond

The impacts of ongoing global warming on terrestrial species dynamics may disrupt Socio-Ecological Systems. We demonstrated that giant earthworm (Rhinodrilus allatus) is especially prone to be affected by climate change as a result of their particular ecological requirements. Unfortunately, the future scenarios will cause an intense decline in the potential distribution of the giant earthworm and, consequently, on extractivism practices conducted by rural communities and afrodescent (ca. 3,000 people). Urgent management and conservation measures of the giant earthworm and economically sustainable alternatives for the local communities are required.

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14- Large-Scale Spatial and Temporal Variability of Larval Fish Assemblages in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Christiane S. de Souza and Paulo O. Mafalda Junior

The importance of seamounts as habitats for biological communities and, in particular, fish is being increasingly recognized. Representing obstacles to flow, seamounts induce local currents, which can enhance upwelling around the seamount. As this may bring up nutrients from the deeper ocean, primary productivity is enhanced, supporting a wide variety of life.  Fish tend to spawn on specific sites that are associated with favorable nursery areas. Events such as larval drift, vertical migration and upwelling might be responsible for the formation, maintenance and breakdown of this high standing stock in the tropical seamounts area of Brazil.

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15- A new species and new records of Leptogium (Ach.) Gray (Collemataceae, Peltigerales) from Rio Grande do Sul State with an identification key for the genus
Authors: Marcos J. Kitaura,  Natália M. Koch, Fabiane Lucheta, Márcia I. Käffer,  Jairo L. Schmitt, Juliana Pedroso, Suzana A. Martins, Andressa S. Rodrigues and Luciana S. Canêz

Diversity of the genus Leptogium from Rio Grande do Sul state was updated with 120 specimens collected in 10 municipalities. We found 57% of the species already cited to state. Furthermore, Leptogium atlanticum, L. milligranum and L. vesiculosum are reported for the first time to Rio Grande do Sul and L. exaratum is described as new to science. An identification key to the species was provided, which can improve the knowledge of Leptogium in this state, the highest in diversity of this genus in Brazil.

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16- Community ecology of parasites in four species of Corydoras (Callichthyidae), ornamental fish endemic to the eastern Amazon (Brazil)
Authors: Makson M. Ferreira, Rafael J. Passador and Marcos Tavares-Dias

Corydoras ephippifer, Corydoras melanistius, Corydoras amapaensis and Corydoras spilurus are ornamental fish with endemic distribution in the eastern Amazon region. These fish are caught for exportation in the state of Amapá (Brazil). Ornamental fish present a peculiar parasitic fauna and when kept in culture with high population density, they may present high rates of parasitism. Nematode and digenean species, Gyrodactylus sp. and Pentastomida parasitize these fish. Ornamental fish are a source of income for riverine populations from the Amazon, and a possible negative impact of parasites on fish, studies on control and treatment of parasite species are of great importance.

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17- Reproductive biology of a viviparous lizard (Mabuya dorsivittata) from the subtropical Wet Chaco of Argentina: geographical variations in response to local environmental pressures
Authors: Martín A. Ortiz, Jorgelina M. Boretto and Nora R. Ibargüengoytía

We studied the reproductive biology of a viviparous lizard (Mabuya dorsivittata)from the Wet Chaco region (northeastern Argentina). Our results showed the associated, seasonal, and annual reproductive cycles. Females displayed an extended gestation period of 11 months (February to December). Litter size ranged from 3 to 8 and increased with body size and body mass of females. Females were larger in body size and interlimb length, and smaller in head length than males. We observed interpopulational differences in minimum body size, litter size, and timing of birth, probably as a result of phenotypic plasticity, genetic divergence or both.

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18- 6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime promotes osteogenic differentiation of canine BMSCs through inhibition of GSK3β activity and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Xiao-E Zhao,  Zhenshan Yang,  Zhen Gao, Junbang Ge, Qiang Wei and  Baohua Ma

This study aimed to investigate how 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) increases the osteogenic differentiation of canine bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in this process. Treatment of canine BMSCs with 0.5 and 1.0 µM BIO resulted in upregulation of GSK3β phosphorylation, and thus inhibition of GSK3β activity and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, where it induced the expression of downstream target genes and osteoblast differentiation markers. In conclusion, BIO-mediated activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can increase the ability of canine BMSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts.

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19- Distribution, diversity, and habitat partitioning of Scolecitrichidae species (Copepoda: Calanoida) down to 1,200 m in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Cristina O. Dias, Adriana V. de Araujo and Sérgio L.C. Bonecker

We analyzed the distributional features of Scolecitrichidae species in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean and their habitat partitioning, based on samplings down to 1,200 m depth. We observed a decrease in density and an increase in diversity and richness with increasing depth. Total scolecitrichid abundance was dominated by few epipelagic migrant species. Non dominant species were distributed in different habitats in the mesopelagic layer according to their vertical patterns of abundance and occurrence. The diverse scolecitrichid assemblage may be structured according to the partitioning of vertical habitats providing by the different water masses and food resources, like appendicularian houses at 1m.

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20- Sambucus australis Modulates Inflammatory Response via Inhibition of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) in vitro
Authors: Norma V.Q. Carneiro, Hugo B.F. da Silva, Raimon R. da Silva, Tamires C.B. Carneiro, Ryan S. Costa, Anaque O. Pires, Cintia R. Marques, Eudes S. Velozo, Adilva S. Conceição, Tania M.S. da Silva, Telma M.G. da Silva, Neuza M. Alcântara-Neves and Camila A. Figueiredo

Sambucus australis is a Brazilian herb commonly used by folk medicine to treat inflammatory conditions, however, few studies have explored the anti-inflammatory potential of this herb. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of S. australis (EMSA). Were examined the production of proinflammatory cytokines and NO levels, NF-κB expression by RT-PCR, and membrane stabilization activity of EMSA. EMSA was able to reduce IL-4 and IL-5, IFN-γ and the expression of NF-κB, but on the other hand,  increased IL-10 production. EMSA also increased the stabilization of erythrocyte membrane. Taken together, our results have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity of EMSA, in vitro.

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21- Cnidom variation through distinct developmental stages in the sea anemone Aulactinia marplatensis (Zamponi, 1977) (Cnidaria: Actiniaria)
Authors:  Agustín Garese, Ricardo González-Muñoz, and Fabián H. Acuña

The inventory of cnidocysts (=cnidom) of the sea anemone Aulactinia marplatensis is studied in three different stages of development throughout its life cycle. The results show similar patterns in the composition and abundance between the cnidom of adult and juvenile stages. However, significant differences in the size capsules were found, being bigger those from the adult forms. The planula larvae stage presented a less diverse cnidom in comparison to the juvenile and adult stages; however, its cnidom included an exclusive cnidae type (mesobasic p-mastigophore) which is the biggest in size of all the cnidae types observed in the species.

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22- First record of Utetheisa pulchella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) in Brazilian Amazon: implications for conservation
Authors: José A. Teston, Janaína da C. Campelo, Alessandra M.C. Lopes and Alexandre Specht

This paper reports the occurrence of the moth Utetheisa pulchella (Erebidae, Arctiinae) for the first time in the Amazon biome indication of the degradation of the biome.

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23- High-fat diet and streptozotocin in the induction of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a new proposal
Authors: Diego A. de Magalhães, Willian T. Kume, Francyele S. Correia, Thaís S. Queiroz, Edgar W. Allebrandt Neto, Maísa P. dos Santos, Nair H. Kawashita and Suélem A. de França

Our objective was to establish a diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) model in rats using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HF-STZ). Male Wistar rats were divided into a control group and HF-STZ group. STZ or vehicle was administered on the 13th day. The HF-STZ group showed hyperglycemia, lower weight gain with reductions in muscle mass and adipose tissue. Serum glucagon was lower, and insulin levels were unaltered. The HF-STZ group showed increased post-prandial and fasting triglycerides. The combination of HF-STZ (i.p) generated rats with hyperglycemia associated with hypertriglyceridemia and introduced many other alterations present in human DM2.

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24- Urotrema macrotestis and Urotrema scabridum (Digenea: Urotrematidae) parasitizing bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in Brazil
Authors: Érica M. de Mello, Élida M.L. Rabelo and Reinaldo J. da Silva

Two trematodes, Urotrema scabridum and Urotrema macrotestis are reported from the small intestine of the bat Eumops glaucinus in Brazil. The study expands the distribution and the hosts of both species in Minas Gerais State and reports U. macrotestis parasitizing bats for the first time.

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25- An overview of inventories of gall-inducing insects in Brazil: looking for patterns and identifying knowledge gaps
Authors: Walter S. de Araújo,  Geraldo W. Fernandes and Jean C. Santos

Brazil is home to a mega-diverse flora and estimates suggest that the country possesses the richest fauna of gall-inducing insects of the world. In the present study we showed an overview of Brazilian gall-inducing insect inventories aiming to understand trends and biases in this field research. Our main findings indicate a growing number of studies since the 1980s mainly in the Southeast region, and Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Despite advances in recent decades, we also find some gaps in knowledge, especially in mega-diverse biomes, such as the Amazon, where studies of gallers are still incipient.

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26- Chemical diversity of the volatiles of Lippia rotundifolia Cham. (Verbenaceae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Messulan R. Meira, Ernane R. Martins and Francine S.A. da Fonseca

The manuscript entitled Chemical diversity of volatiles of Lippia rotundifolia Cham. (Verbenaceae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil, refers to a little known species of medicinal, native and endemic importance of the Brazilian Cerrado. Therefore, the present study proposed to analyze the released volatilities of species leaves naturally present in eleven populations of Minas Gerais. The results showed that the species has large chemical diversity. However, this work provides information not published before. Moreover that contributed to the conservation of this endemic species. Besides, it is capable of producing different chemotypes for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industry.

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27- Useful plants and their relation to archaeological sites in the Serra de Carajás, Brazil
Authors: Ronize S. Santos, Márlia Coelho-Ferreira, Pedro G.C. Lima and Marcos P. Magalhães

An investigation was carried out on the useful plants in forests surrounding archaeological sites in Serra de Carajás, in the Brazilian Amazon. It attempted to assess the value of local ecosystems and their potential for exploitation by previous human populations that likely created domesticated landscapes in the region. Species were registered with diverse uses including medicinal, food, game attractant, firewood, toxic, ritualistic and material.

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28- Ecological aspects of natural populations of Hyalella pampeana (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Hyalellidae) from the Natural Reserve Island of Martín García (Río de La Plata, Argentina)
Authors: María  Florencia Colla and Inés I. César

The population dynamics and ecological features of the freshwater amphipod Hyalella pampeana in three aquatics environments from the Natural Reserve Island of Martín García (Argentina), were analyzed throughout a 1-year period. The monthly variation of some important population aspects, such as density, fecundity, sex ratio and body size, as well as the possible relation of these parameters to relevant environmental variables are described for the first time for this amphipod species. The results suggest that although H. pampeana is a ubiquitous species, the environmental characteristics of each aquatic microhabitat are important for the establishment and persistence of its populations.

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29- Euphausiacea diversity in a trans-oceanic transect through the South Atlantic Ocean: the first Atlantic record of Thysanopoda astylata Brinton, 1975
Authors: Erik Muxagata, Carla N. Barbosa and Vanessa Agostini

Species composition and distribution of euphausiids along a longitudinal transect in central South Atlantic Ocean were investigated. A total of 19 euphausiid species were identified. Overall, Euphausia species frequency of occurrence and abundance were highest in samples collected near the African coast, while Thysanopoda species dominated near the Brazilian coast. Thysanopoda egregia was present in samples collected down to 96 m, which increases the vertical range for this species. This report constitutes the first record of Thysanopoda astylata Brinton, 1975 in Atlantic waters.

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30- Histatin 5 and human lactoferrin inhibit biofilm formation of a fluconazole resistant Candida albicans clinical isolate
Authors: José A.R. Curvelo, Daniel C. de Moraes, Camila A. dos Anjos, Maristela B. Portela and Rosangela M.A. Soares

Candida albicans is the most important fungal pathogen that causes infections in humans. This fungus can develop biofilm, a hard-to-treat structure highly resistant to antifungal drugs. Saliva contains antimicrobial substances, such as histatin 5 and lactoferrin, that may be explored as tools for the discovery of new treatments against candidiasis. Data obtained from our analysis showed that both substances are able to impair Candida’s biofilms, pointing to the potential application of these compounds in the treatment of biofilms formed by this fungus, especially in resistant infections.

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31- Redescription of immatures of Dasyhelea flavifrons Guérin-Méneville (Culicomorpha: Ceratopogonidae) and new contribution to the knowledge of its larval habitats
Authors: Florentina Díaz, Carolina Mangudo, Raquel M. Gleiser and María M. Ronderos

The biting midges Dasyhelea Kieffer are common and mainly diurnal dipterans occurring in all zoogeographical regions, except Antarctica. At present there are 92 extant species inhabiting the Neotropical region, of which 12 are known also from their immatures. The fourth instar larva and pupa of Dasyhelea flavifrons Guérin-Méneville are redescribed, illustrated, and photomicrographed. The immatures were collected by using a siphon bottle in tree-holes and from water collected in dead snail shells in Salta Province, Argentina, reared in the laboratory until to the emergence of the adults. Details on larval habitats are given and the first records from Argentina and in gastrotelmata.

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32- Metacercariae of Strigeidae Parasitizing Amphibians of the Chaco Region in Argentina
Authors: Monika I. Hamann, María V. Fernández and Cynthya E. González

Trematode infection may be a good indicator of the surrounding invertebrates and vertebrates’ biodiversity at the habitat-level. On the other hand, amphibians fill an important trophic position in aquatic and terrestrial environments, acting as predators and prey for a wide variety of animals. In this context, the present study brings new and interesting information about morphological features of strigeid metacercariae that infect frogs. These hosts transmit metacercariae to terrestrial vertebrates (e.g. birds, mammals and reptiles), which are potential final hosts where these larvae can complete their life cycle. The results also contribute to the knowledge of larval trematodes biodiversity in the Neotropical region.

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33- Discovery and characterization of SSR markers in Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) using low coverage genome sequencing
Authors: Deise S. Sarzi, Beatriz Justolin, Clariane da Silva, Rafael P.M. Lemos and  Valdir Marcos Stefenon

Microsatellites comprise a class of molecular markers with broad application in plant sciences. In this study, we report the use of next-generation sequencing technology for the prospection of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers for Brazilian-cherry (pitanga). The characterization of these markers in two natural populations illustrates their usefulness for studies on genetic diversity, gene flow, plant selection and breeding of this species, towards the conservation of natural populations, as well as its commercial use.

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34- Exploring the Insecticide and Acaricide Potential of Development Regulators obtained from Restinga vegetation from Brazil
Authors: Denise Feder, Marcelo S. Gonzalez, Cícero B. Mello, Marcelo G. Santos, Leandro Rocha, Alphonse Kelecom and  Evelize Folly

Restingas (sandbanks) are very particular geomorphological coastal environments in tropical regions. They are a mosaic of diverse biomes with extremely dry sandy areas to peaty swamps. This allows and selects a peculiar vegetation with a number of endemic species. Such special environmental characteristics are supposed to be translated in original chemical ecological relationships resulting in the production of specific secondary metabolites. A broad multidisciplinary approach was undertaken in the Restinga of Jurubatiba National Park to look for natural products active on insects and ticks, vectors of tropical diseases. Strategies that promote a direct interruption of metamorphosis, reproduction, diapause and behavior were observed.

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35- Saline extract from Malpighia emarginata DC leaves showed higher polyphenol presence, antioxidant and antifungal activity and promoted cell proliferation in mice splenocytes
Authors:  Bárbara R.S. Barros, Bruno Rafael Barboza,  Bárbara A. Ramos, Maiara C. de Moura, Luana C.B.B. Coelho, Thiago Henrique Napoleão, Maria Tereza S. Correia, Patrícia Maria G. Paiva, Iranildo José da Cruz Filho, Túlio Diego da Silva, Cláudia S.A. Lima and Cristiane M.L. de Melo

The fruits of Malpighia emarginata DC. have economic and nutritional value in different markets in the world. The high presence of C vitamin is the major factor to the acceptability of the plant. However, few studies have shown the importance of leaves of this plant and what is the biological potential of these organs. Here we evaluated some biological properties of the saline extract from M. emarginata leaves and correlated its ethnopharmacological use. Our results showed that saline extract has high antioxidant action, antifungal activity against strains of Candida spp., and can be used with safety against mouse splenocytes.

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36- Consumption of Euterpe edulis fruit by wildlife: implications for conservation and management of the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors:  Juliano Z. da Silva and Maurício S. dos Reis

This study aimed to measure the wildlife consumption of Euterpe edulis fruit and discuss management possibilities. The results suggested that there was a small fruit surplus, and this finding indicated the possibility of a harvest to reduce food for the wildlife. However, recurrent variations in the annual fruit production were also noted, and suggested that wildlife could tolerate some fruit harvesting. Thus, a harvest could be restricted to fruit volume that exceeds the annual average (94 kg/ha/year). Seed germination and seedling mortality were high, results indicate that local conditions may have a predominant effect on seed volume in natural regeneration density.

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37- Orange and Passion Fruit Wastes Characterization, Substrate Hydrolysis and Cell Growth of Cupriavidus necator, as Proposal to Converting of Residues in High Value Added Product
Authors: Gabriel O. Locatelli, Leandro Finkler and Christine L.L. Finkler

Brazil is the world's largest producer of orange and passion fruit, which are destined mainly for industrialization, generating grand volumes of wastes, which represent approximately 50% of fruit weight. The solid portion of these residues is a rich source of pectin (almost 40%), composed mainly of galacturonic acid and neutral sugars. This way, we aim characterized orange and passion fruit wastes, followed by the extraction and hydrolysis of pectin. This rich substrate was employed in biological conversion processes for the cell growth of Cupriavidus necator. This indicates an alternative as inexpensive carbon source that can be used in the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates.

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38- Influences of dietary crude protein and stocking density on growth performance and body measurements of ostrich chicks
Authors: Khalid M. Mahrose, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack and Shymaa A. Amer

This study examined impacts of stocking density and probiotic supplementation on Japanese quail. Quails were allotted to 6 groups included 2 levels of stocking density (100, and 75 cm²/bird) and 3 levels of probiotic (0.00, 0.02 and 0.04 g/kg diet). Quails reared at 100 cm²/ bird showed the highest body weight. While, quails reared at 75 cm²/ bird had lower average of feed intake and the best feed conversion ratio. Increasing level of probiotic up to 0.04 g/kg decreased dressing percentage. The low stocking density gave better performance. Probiotic diminished the stressful effect of crowding on quails.

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39- On the occurrence and ecology of Glaucus atlanticus Forster, 1777 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) along the Southwestern Atlantic coast
Authors: Raphael M. Pinotti, Fabio C. Bom and Erik Muxagata

The latitudinal distribution of Glaucus atlanticus throughout the Brazilian Province is influenced by the Brazil current and by seasonal shifts in the Subtropical Convergence Zone. Once offshore, passive onshore displacements may result on beach strandings of Glaucus spp. and other pleustonic species of the “blue plankton” community, like recently reported at the Southern Brazilian / Uruguayan coasts. Although fascinating, Glaucus spp. should be considered harmful to humans and people should avoid direct contact with them, even the stranded ones.

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40- Reproductive aspects of the semi-aquatic snake Erythrolamprus miliaris (Dipsadidae: Xenodontini) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Alexia Eisfeld and Davor Vrcibradic

We analyzed aspects of reproduction and sexual dimorphism of Erythrolamprus miliaris. There was sexual dimorphism in body size (females were larger), but not in relative tail length. Females with oviductal eggs or mature follicles and reproductive males were present throughout the year, suggesting a continuous reproductive cycle. Clutch size averaged ten eggs and was positively influenced by female size. Compared to conspecific populations from other Atlantic Rainforest areas, E. miliaris from Rio de Janeiro were more similar in their reproductive traits to a population from the state of Bahia than to populations from the states of São Paulo and Paraná.

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41- Diet, sexual dimorphism and reproduction of sympatric racers Philodryas aestiva  and Philodryas patagoniensis from the coastal Brazilian Pampa
Authors: Fernando M. Quintela and Daniel Loebmann

The present study analyzed diet, sexual dimorphism and reproductive biology of two congeneric racers (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) occurring in sympatry in coastal Brazilian Pampa. The larger species Philodryas patagoniensis presented a broader diet and higher fecundity when compared to the slender Philodryas aestiva.  In both species females presented larger snout-vent lengths and reach sexual maturity at larger sizes  when compared to males, which in turn presented tails comparatively larger than females. Females of the two species presented eggs and secondary follicles in both the warmer and colder seasons of the year, indicating reproductive cycles extending throughout the year.

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 

42- Antidiarrheal effect of extract from the bark of Combretum leprosum in mice
Authors: Paulo M.S. Cavalcanti,  Maria do Carmo C. Martins, Paulo H.M. Nunes, Francisco C. Alves Filho,  Janyerson D.P. Silva and Suzana M.G. Cavalcanti

The Combretum leprosum plant (mofumbo) has been used by the inhabitants of the northeastern region of Brazil to treat many diseases. In this manuscript we have pharmacologically described and characterized the antidiarrheal effect of a hydroethanolic extract obtained from the bark of Combretum leprosum's stem in mice. When orally pre-administered, the extract prevents castor-oil induced diarrhea. However, this effect does not involve opioid, adrenergic or muscarinic receptors, but rather an effect on intestinal motility through the secretive mechanisms of intestinal fluid. Therefore, the use of Combretum leprosum's extract as an antidiarrheal agent is to be considered as an option.  

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43- Repercussions of low fructose-drinking water in male rats
Authors: Carolina A. Miranda, Tatiele E. Schönholzer, Eduardo Klöppel, Yuri K. Sinzato, Gustavo T. Volpato, Débora C. Damasceno and Kleber E. Campos

The fructose consumption has increased, and it has been associated with the development of insulin resistance and steatosis. Therefore, it is important to understand the effect of its low consumption on the pancreas and liver. Our findings showed that fructose treatment in rats did not cause steatosis, but led to abnormal morphology and function of pancreatic islet cells, contributing for glucose intolerance development. This study demonstrated that low concentrations of fructose may cause deleterious effects to health.

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HEALTH SCIENCES

44- Effects of Aliskiren, an RAAS inhibitor, on a carrageenan-induced pleurisy model of rats
Authors: Yasin Bayir, Harun Un, Elif Cadirci, Erol Akpinar, Busra Diyarbakir, Ilknur Calik and Zekai Halici

We hypothesized that blocking renin angiotensin aldosterone system with Aliskiren during pleurisy-induced lung injury would concomitantly ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated the potential preventive effects of Aliskiren in a carrageenan-induced lung pleurisy model of rats. Aliskiren decreased oxidative stress, cytokine response and cellular damage in lung tissue, as well as indomethacin and dexamethasone did. It appears that Aliskiren protects the lung from carrageenan-induced pleurisy damage by regulating inflammation and antioxidant-oxidant balance via renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibition.

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45- Oregano essential oil (Origanum vulgare) to feed laying hens and its effects on animal health
Authors: Marcos J. Migliorini, Marcel M. Boiago, Lenilson F. Roza, Mauricio Barreta, Alessandra Arno, Weber S. Robazza,  Alessandro C. Galvão, Gabriela M. Galli, Gustavo Machado, Matheus D. Baldissera, Roger Wagner, Lenita C.M. Stefani and Aleksandro S. da Silva

The use of essential oils in poultry production has shown to have a high potential by replacing antibiotic growth promoters. The study points to the positive effects of the use of oregano essential oil in the feeding of laying hens, and recommends the dosage of 200 mg.kg^-1, with beneficial effects on the health of the poultry, without any side effects. The dose response results were observed with the increase of serum parameters of total proteins, albumin and globulin, evidencing the use of this non-antibiotic additive in egg production.

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46- Litter Size Reduction Induces Metabolic and Histological Adjustments in Dams throughout Lactation with Early Effects on Offspring
Authors: João Lucas P. Xavier, Dionízia X. Scomparin, Catherine C. Pontes, Paulo Roberto Ribeiro, Maiara M. Cordeiro, Jessica A. Marcondes, Felipe O. Mendonça, Makcine T. da Silva, Fabio B. de Oliveira, Gilson C.N. Franco and Sabrina Grassiolli

The milk reflects maternal metabolic conditions and consequently has impact in offspring growth and metabolism.  In this regard, rodents reared in Small Litter (SL) during lactation phase are exposed at overfeeding, an event related at obesity later in life. Thus, in the present manuscript was evaluated the maternal aspects such as, adiposity, blood biochemistry parameters, mammary gland histology, as well as milk composition in several phases of lactation.  Moreover, we also evaluated the growth, adiposity and histological aspects in the offspring in same phases. We believe that to elucidate how maternal health states is adjusted during lactation is essential to clarify their impact on offspring metabolism, an event that could avoid diseases in adulthood.

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47- Daily life of women with alcoholic companions and the provided care
Authors: Vagner F. do Nascimento, Cláudia A.S. Lima, Thalise Y. Hattori, Ana Cláudia P. Terças, Alisséia G. Lemes and Margarita A.V. Luis

The women in the study are slow to recognize the harm of alcoholism and when it does, they no longer have the resources to cope. It was observed that the most accomplished care focuses on the impact of alcoholism on the family dynamics, rather than on the recovery of the partner. These cares are loaded with discouragement and fueled by ignorance about chemical dependence. Care is difficult to implement because it does not have the presence of the professional/ health service close to the family context. Thus, they tend to abandon their life projects, because they also become ill.

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48- Evaluation of citotoxicity and wound healing activity of Avicennia schaueriana in cream
Authors: Caroline M.I. Lopes, Liriane Baratella-Evêncio, Ivone A. de Souza, Erwelly B. de Oliveira, Jéssica G.A. Sá, Marllon A.N. Santana, Pedro P. Marcelino Neto, Eduarda S. de Santana, Luzia A. da Silva and Jeymesson R.C. Vieira

Avicennia schaueriana is found in Brazilian mangrove coast. The cytotoxicity in vitro of the Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Avicennia schaueriana (AELAs) and the healing activity of the plant in cream on mice skin wounds were evaluated in this study. The cytotoxic evaluation was performed on Vero cells and the healing activity was evaluated on mice treated during 5, 10 and 15 days. AELAs did not show cytotoxicity and topical application of AELAs cream decreased the wound area, stimulated the re-epithelialization and increased the number of fibroblasts. The species A. schaueriana could become a topical treatment in tissue repair process.

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49- The development and characterization of Propranolol Tablets using Tapioca starch as excipient
Authors: Julyane B.M. Fernandes, Maísa T, Celestino, Maria I.B. Tavares, Zaida M.F. Freitas, Elisabete P. dos Santos, Eduardo Ricci Júnior and Mariana S.S.B. Monteiro

The manuscript emphasizes the use of multifunctional excipients in tablets and their manufacture by direct compression to reduce the number of excipients and potential interactions between the excipients in a formulation. Tapioca starch (TS) is produced from Cassaca roots and it is differentiated from other starches because it contains low level of residual materials. Moreover, it has low production cost. POP is on the WHO's List of Essential Medicines, as one of the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of coprocessed TS, as a multifunctional excipient, in the development of POP tablets, by direct compression.

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50- Health benefits of subcutaneous zinc edetate and diphenyl diselenide in calves during the weaning period
Authors: Daiane S. dos Santos, Jhonatan P. Boito, Vanderlei Klauck, João H. dos Reis, Roger R. Gebert, Patricia Glombowsky, Angelisa H. Biazus, Nathieli B. Bottari, Rejane S. Sousa, Gustavo Machado, Marta L.R. Leal, Matheus D. Baldissera, Jean C. Berwanger and Aleksandro S. da Silva

Minerals are present in all cells and body tissues, where they serve a wide variety of functions. The concentrations of these minerals vary according to their requirements, i.e. growth, health, or/and animal production. Injectable supplementation with selenium and zinc in calves during the pre- and post-weaning periods had positive effects on the animals’ development. Zinc potently stimulated the immune-system while selenium had important anti-inflammatory action. The combination ((PhSe)₂ + Zn) activated the cellular antioxidant system, reducing the harmful action of free radicals and stimulating the activity of various immune cells.

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51- Effect of the intake of high or low glycemic index high carbohydrate-meals on athletes’ sleep quality in pre-game nights
Authors: Natalia V.S. Daniel, Ioná Z. Zimberg, Debora Estadella, Márcia C. Garcia, Ricardo C. Padovani and Claudia R. Juzwiak

This study aimed to understand how food intake the day before a basketball competition affected sleep quality, a factor that can influence athletic performance. In a crossover design study, athletes consumed a low or high glycemic-index (GI) diner and evening snack. The evening meals’ GI that preceded the competitive event did not affect sleep quality; however, the intake throughout the day did: the higher the energy (kcal) intake, independently of the GI of the evening meals, the lower the sleep efficiency and total sleep nocturnal time and the higher the Wake Time After Sleep Onset (WASO).

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AGRARIAN SCIENCES  

52- Comparative anatomy and histochemistry of the leaf blade of two species of Artocarpus
Authors: Rafaela D.O. Sá, Marília B. Cadena,  Rafael J.R. Padilha, Luiz Carlos Alves and Karina P. Randau

Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg and Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. are used as food and medicine in Brazil. In order to contribute to their quality control, this work aimed to  conduct a comparative anatomical and histochemical study between the species, using techniques of optical, polarized and scanning electron coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy. The anatomical characterization showed the characters of general occurrence in the family Moraceae and of those that allow the differentiation of A. altilis and A. heterophyllus. The histochemistry revealed the sites of synthesis and/or storage of the metabolites. The chemical microanalyses brought new information about the chemical composition of crystals.

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53- Development of an annual drought classification system based on drought severity indexes
Authors: Rafael P.C. Lima,  Demetrius D. da Silva, Silvio B. Pereira, Michel C. Moreira, Jéssica B.M.C. Passos, Clívia D. Coelho and  Abrahão A.A. Elesbon

In order to characterize the occurrence and intensity of droughts in the Doce River Basin, as well as to develop a system for its classification, four different drought indexes were evaluated: Percent of Normal Precipitation, Deciles Method, Rainfall Anomaly Index and Standardized Precipitation Index. The indices were calculated for nine analysis units and then related to the drought intensity classes. The results show that the annual drought classification system proved to be efficient in the identification of events, allowing to verify that the Doce River Basin presents a severe climatic drought condition, on average, every seven years.

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SOCIAL SCIENCES

54- Public engagement in science: Mapping out and understanding the practice of science communication in Latin America
Authors: Ma de Lourdes Patiño Barba, Jorge Padilla González del Castillo  and Luisa Massarani

Among science communicators, there is a perception that public engagement in science has been increasing in Latin America in the last two decades. Published by the Mexicans Ma. Lourdes Patiño and Jorge Padilla González and the Brazilian Luisa Massarani, the article presents the results of a study aiming to map out the characteristics of science communication activities carried out in Latin America by different organizations. The survey confirms that there is an intensification of the science communication in the last decades in the region, but highlights that important fragilities are faced, among them lack of budget for science communication activities, lack of evaluation systems and lack of training for mediating people with disabilities.

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Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences
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