Newsletter - Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences

ISSUE 30

AABC - Volume 90.4 - December 2018

The last issue of 2018 of the Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (AABC) was totally dedicated to Agrarian Sciences with 64 original papers. It is quite amazing to see how this area has grown in our journal. In 2018, there have been 390 submissions, the largest number ever, second only to Biological Sciences (397). Including the present issue, the AABC has published 111 papers in this field, a number that certainly will grow in the years to come.

The topics of the papers published in this issue are quite diverse, ranging from studies on low-cost needle tests for phosphorous deficiency in cattle, to free phenolitic compound extraction from soybean. There are also contributions dealing with soil quality in semi-arid regions and others of a broader scale, such as the analysis of what has been published on the immunology of fishes, a critical subject for fish farming. I am sure that scientists in this field will find studies that will help them in their own research.

Please keep in mind that since 2000, all papers published by the AABC can be downloaded free of charge at the SciELO site and previous editions of the Newsletter are available at the ABC website. You may also check our older volumes (from the very first one) in the following link.

We are now inviting you to scroll through the text and click on the title of the article that interests you!

Alexander W. A. Kellner
Editor-in-Chief

1-Corn grain yield and ¹⁵N-fertilizer recovery as a function of urea sidedress timing
Authors: Evandro L.  Schoninger, Hugo A. González Villalba, José Albertino Bendassolli and Paulo Cesar O.  Trivelin

Nitrogen sidedress application time is a key factor for corn production. However, there are situations, as the observed in this study, where no grain yield responses to N application are observed. On the other hand, later sidedress N application (V10 and V12 growth stages) resulted in higher N losses by ammonia volatilization, while N application at early growth stages (V4 or V6) provided greater N-fertilizer recovery, up to 53 %. As the nitrogen is a potential contaminant, we must look for a sustainable environment-friendly production system, where the highest N-fertilizer recovery must be the main objective.

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2-Comparative Effect of The Inclusion of Zootechnical Additives in the Feed of Japanese Quails in Two Productive Phases
Authors:  Marina J. Lemos, Lígia F.L. Calixto, Daniele S. Souza, Túlio L. Reis,  Aparecida A. Nascimento and Carlos A. Oliveira

Different responses to the use of zootechnical additives on the productive performance of laying birds have been reported by researchers. The main ones are based on their capacity to balance the intestinal microbiota maintaining or even improving the integrity of the intestinal epithelium, affecting the productive parameters of the laying birds. It is unquestionable that the cost-benefit relationship favors the use of antibiotics as an additive for birds, but after controversy involving its use and recent ban by the European Union it is necessary to consider the use of alternative solutions, which has motivated the development of research with the use of prebiotics, probiotics and the association between them, known as symbiotics.

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3-Development of an indirect ELISA assay to evaluation of the adaptive immune response of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)
Authors: Thais H.V. Farias, Ketherson R. Silva, Viviane C. Mariguela, Hélio J. Montassier and Fabiana Pilarski

In this manuscript are present original results on the development and standardization of indirect ELISA for the measurement of pacu antigen-specific antibodies using polyclonal rabbit anti-pacu IgM used as detector antibody. Polyclonal antibodies obtained demonstrated specificity with heavy and light Ig chains of pacu serum in western blotting. These polyclonal antibodies allowed the development of an indirect ELISA assay of high sensitivity and specificity for the detection and quantification of pacu IgM antibodies immunized with bovine IgG. This approach has great potential to improve the monitoring of vaccine-induced immune responses and help develop immunodiagnostic of infectious diseases in pacu systems.

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4-Evaluation of an inexpensive needle test for the diagnosis of phosphorus deficiency and management of phosphorus supplementation for cattle: A multiple case study
Authors: Pedro Malafaia, Felipe Z. Garcia, Samara P. Lopes, Vinícius C. Souza, Camillo F.C. Canella Filho, Diogo F.A. Costa and Cristiano C.P. Veiga

The needle test allows the diagnosis of P deficiency in a fast, cheap and simple way. Results presented in this paper were obtained during long-term experiments that used the NT to evaluate P status and to assist in decisions about different P supplementation schemes in beef and dairy farms in Brazil. Results of this multiple case study showed that the NT is an important tool to assist the evaluation of P adequacy. The adequate use of the NT can lead to considerable savings and P, a very important mineral in grazing production systems in tropical regions.

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5-Structural analysis of a fragmented area in Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Authors: Natália V. Salomão, Evandro L.M. Machado, Rafaella S. Pereira, Geraldo W. Fernandes, Anne P.D. Gonzaga, Danielle P. Mucida and Leovandes S. da Silva

Landscape ecology applied is a methods of spatial analysis helps to understand changes in the forest structure. In view of this theory, the objective of the present study was to analyze the structure of a fragmented area between the years 1979 and 2015. The analysis of structure found that it changed negatively due to an increase in the number of small fragments, which increased the intensity of edge effects and reduced connectivity between fragments for all classes.

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6-Free phenolic compounds extraction from Brazilian halophytes, soybean and rice bran by ultrasound-assisted and orbital shaker methods
Authors: Manuel M. de Souza, Bibiana da Silva, César S.B. Costa and Eliana Badiale-Furlong

The sea asparagus Sarcocornia ambigua is a native Brazilian halophyte with biotechnological potential for bioactive compounds production. The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was optimized by a central composite rotational design for recovery free phenolic compounds (FPC) from S. ambigua shoots. UAE optimized method yielded 18-29% higher FPC than that of traditional orbital shaker extraction from S. ambigua and other three Brazilian halophyte matrices with different compositions. Among the matrices analyzed, S. ambigua shoots presented the higher FPC content (25.0 ± 0.17 mg GAE g^-1 dw). Halophytes showed to be good FPC sources in a better.

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7-Potentialities and limitations of agricultural use in soils of semi-arid region of the state of Bahia
Authors: Alexsandra F. de  Queiroz, Alessandra M. Salviano, Tony J.F. da Cunha, Nelci Olszevski, Valdomiro S. de  Souza Júnior and Manoel B. de Oliveira Neto

Considering the importance of the soil quality to the maintenance of the ecosystem services in the Environmetal Preservation Area Sobradinho’s lake, such as food supply, climate regulation, nutrient cycling, and the maintenance of the quantity and quality of the water, this study aimed tto evaluate the potentialities and limitations of the agricultural use of representative classes of semi-arid regions of the state of Bahia, based on the pedological and evaluation of their soil characteristics.

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8-Modeling of stem form and volume through machine learning
Authors: Ana B.  Schikowski, Ana P.D. Corte, Marieli S. Ruza, Carlos R. Sanquetta and Razer A.N.R. Montaño

With the mathematical innovation improvement the objective was analyzing the accuracy of machine learning (ML) techniques in relation to Schumacher-Hall volumetric model and a Hradetzky taper function, compared to the algorithms: k nearest neighbor, Random Forest and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for estimation of total volume and diameter to the relative height for acacia negra. Schumacher and Hall model and ANN showed the best results for volume estimation as function of dap and height. ML methods were more accurate than the Hradetzky polynomial for tree form estimations, proving to be appropriate as an alternative to traditional modeling applications in forestry.

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9-Oxidative stress and fish immune system: phagocytosis and leukocyte respiratory burst activity
Authors: Jaqueline D. Biller and Leonardo S. Takahashi

This review article deals with a subject of great importance, however sparsely researched in Brazil, the immunology of fishes and the gaps observed by researchers, such as oxidative stress and its involvement with immunity. It is known that oxidative stress limits immune defense, which may influence the understanding of the responses obtained in immunostimulation studies, so some questions have arisen and discused in the article. Are the responses of the immune system after immunomodulation causing oxidative stress? Can strong stimulation lead to exhaustion or even to oxidative stress? What are the effects of oxidative stress on the immune system?

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10-Does mechanical damage on soybean induces the production of flavonoids?
Authors: Paulo Luiz da Silva, Gláucia Cordeiro, Carolina R. da Silva, Rafael A. Barros, Camila R. da Silva, José C. Zanuncio, Wellington G. Campos and Maria G.A. Oliveira

The plants when being injured produce chemical defense compounds as secondary metabolites (flavonoids) affecting the feeding and physiology of insects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical response of soybean cultivars resistant and susceptible to insects after mechanical damage. These cultivars were mechanically injured and after 24 hours were analyzed by HPLC to identify and quantify flavonoids. The flavonoid daidzin was the one with the highest concentration. Rutin was biosynthesized by IAC-24. The cultivars IAC-PL1, IAC-17, and IAC-24 did not show a flavonoid. The soybean cultivars are not dependent on mechanical damage to produce flavonoids.

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11-Impact of Nitrate and Ammonium ratio on Nutrition and Growth of two Epiphytic Orchids
Authors: Cibele Mantovani,  Renato M. Prado and Kathia F.L. Pivetta

Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium do not grow and flower well with 100% ammonium (NH₄-N); and there are no information about accumulation of other nutrients and the effects of ammonium toxicity on orchids. The NH₄-N ratio of 40% and 50% of the total nitrogen benefited the growth of Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium, respectively. The application of higher proportions of ammonium resulted in decreased N, K, Ca and Mg absorption, index of green color and increased leakage of electrolytes in Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium. NH₄-N proportions greater than 75% for 12 months caused toxicity in Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium.

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12-The effects of an osmoregulator, carbohydrates and polyol on maturation and germination of ‘Golden THB’ papaya somatic embryos
Authors: Kristhiano Chagas, Jamile L.D. Cipriano, José Carlos Lopes, Edilson R. Schmildt, Wagner C. Otoni and Rodrigo S. Alexandre

In plant tissue culture, somatic embryogenesis in papaya is aimed at the production of synthetic seeds where in the future the producer with access to this technology can plant a seedling per hole, which reduces costs with seeds, inputs, water, sexing, roguing and treatment cultural activities. In the present work, polyethylene glycol (PEG), was harmful to the maturation of somatic embryos of Carica papaya L. 'Golden THB'. However, the use of malt extract (0.153 g L^-1) favors the development of normal somatic embryos. Germination of these embryos in medium with myo-inositol (0.45 mM) results in greater germination and conversion to seedlings.

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13-Morpho-physiological changes in Billbergia zebrina due to the use of silicates in vitro
Authors: Adalvan D. Martins, João Paulo R. Martins, Lucas A. Batista, Gabrielen M.G. Dias, Mirielle O. Almeida, Moacir Pasqual and Heloísa O. dos Santos

Silicon changes in vitro growth, anatomy and physiology of B. zebrina plants according to the source and concentration of this element. It has also influence on the growth of the plants during the acclimatization; The amount of silicon absorbed by the plants differs depending on the source of this element; Calcium silicate improve the quality of the micropropagated B. zebrina plants, which may also be due to the greater absorption of Ca²⁺;  Sodium silicate stresses B. zebrina plants during both the in vitro culture and acclimatization. However, higher absorptions of silicon mitigates the impact of the stress on the plants.

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14-Decolorization of remazol brilliant blue R with laccase from Lentinus crinitus grown in agro-industrial by-products
Authors: Patrícia H. Almeida, Ana Carolina C. de Oliveira, Genyfer P.N. de Souza, Juliana C. Friedrich, Giani A. Linde, Nelson B. Colauto and Juliana S. do Valle

Lentinus crinitus is a brazilian fungus that produces different enzymes as laccase. Laccase production depends on cultivation and agro-industrial by-products can be used as an alternative source of nutrients. We aimed to produce laccase from L. crinitus with coffee husks or citric pulp pellet as carbon source for dye decolorization. Coffee husks medium promoted greater laccase production than citric pulp. However, the peak of laccase activity was reached early in citric pulp medium. The enzymatic extracts promoted partial decolorization of the synthetic dye within 24 h, reaching 74% with citric pulp enzymatic extract and 76% with coffee husks enzymatic extract.

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15-Protease inhibitory, insecticidal and deterrent effects of the trypsin-inhibitor benzamidine on the velvetbean caterpillar in soybean
Authors: Anderson M. Pilon, Wellington G. Campos, Carolina R. Silva, Gláucia Cordeiro, Camila R. Silva and Maria Goreti A. Oliveira

We sprayed benzamidine on soybean plants and found that low concentrations of this potent synthetic trypsin-inhibitor had protease inhibitory, insecticidal and deterrent effects on the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis. Our results highlight the potential of using synthetic protease inhibitors in insect pest management.

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16-Spatial Distribution of Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum Linnaeus)
Authors: Anderson C. Weber, Paulo E. Degrande, Ellen P. de Souza, Rosalia Azambuja and Marcos G. Fernandes

The Neotropical Brown Stink Bug Euschistus heros (F.) has been recently detected in cotton fields as an invasive pest. Its spatial distribution in soybean is well knowledge, but this behavior in the cotton is still not clear. This study investigated the pest distribution in the cotton using aggregation indices and surface maps done through Inverse Distance Weighting interpolation. Our results showed an aggregate behavior of E. heros in a cotton field and the Negative Binomial Distribution best described this pattern of aggregation, so our findings may be useful in future sampling and management plans in cotton.

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17-Optimum plot size of planting and bio-agroeconomic revenues from arugula-carrot intercropping systems in a semi-arid region
Authors: Frank W.A. de Carvalho, Glauber H.S. Nunes, Francisco Bezerra Neto, Aurélio P. Barros Júnior, Jailma S.S. de Lima, Ahmad S. Khan, José R. da Silva and Joserlan N. Moreira

The optimal plot size of planting in intercropping system is governed mostly by the available resources. The planting spatial arrangement in intercropping system is one of the important factors of production in obtaining of bio-agroeconomic returns. The efficiency of the competition of the association of carrot and arugula in bi-cultivation can be translated in terms of bio-agroeconomic revenues. The adequate definition of plot size in intercropping experiments, especially with vegetables, is of primary importance in the agronomic and economic efficiency of the cropping system.

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18-One-eye-set sugarcane susceptibility to weed interference
Authors: Lucas R. Beluci, Allan L. Bacha, Arthur A.M. Barroso and Pedro Luis C.A. Alves

The new system of one-eye-set sugarcane seedlings can provide uniform plantations with high seedlings vigor. However, the presence of lower initial nutritional reserves for seedling development may alter the susceptibility to weed interference in these plants and modifies the critical period of weed interference in the crop, reducing sugarcane’s sugar/energy production. The data observed in field conditions showed that one-eye-set sugarcane presented extended periods of weed control comparing to traditional planting system. The coexistence with weeds caused reductions on sugarcane yield and quality.

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19-Grafting height does not affect Fusarium wilt control or horticultural performance of Passiflora gibertii N.E.Br. rootstock
Authors: Lucas K.S. Lima, Idália S. dos Santos, Zanon S. Gonçalves, Taliane L. Soares, Onildo N. de Jesus and Eduardo A. Girardi

The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of the grafting height of P. edulis/P. gibertii on the incidence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae (Fop) and horticultural performance. In addition, histopathological studies were also performed on the roots of non-grafted P. edulis collected at three severity stages of Fop. Plants of P. edulis/P. gibertii at all grafting heights did not present symptoms of Fop, and the number of fruit yield and quality were equivalent. Starch depletion in the root system of P. edulis was directly related to the severity of the Fop.

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20-Morpho-physiological characteristics by sweet potato cultivars as function of irrigation depth
Authors: Fábio T. Delazari, Igor R. Assis, Diego F.V. Cabrera, Mariane G. Ferreira, Luiz E. Dias, Angelica Rueda, José C. Zanuncio and Derly J.H. Silva

This study explains how irrigation affects the morpho-physiological parameter settings in sweet potatoes that have great importance in the fight against world hunger. The work studyed the water use efficiency by the sweet potato, seeing the great need of water consumption in agriculture. In addition this work explains the that there is a functional relationship between soil moisture and growth of the plant and it shows that is essential to optimize irrigation management at different growth stages of the sweet potatoes.

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21-Intake, apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation and nitrogen efficiency in sheep fed a tropical legume silage with or without concentrate
Authors: Leandro D. da Silva, Odilon G. Pereira, Thiago C. da Silva, Sebastião C. Valadares  Filho, Karina G. Ribeiro and Stefanie A. Santos

Legume silage can increase the forage quality of the diets as well as supply it with nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus. We evaluate the intake, apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation and nitrogen efficiency in sheep fed stylo silage with or without concentrate. Stylo silage without concentrate showed lowest intake, except for neutral detergent fiber. The both diets containing concentrate, stylo and corn silages, showed similar intake of dry matter and crude protein. However, replacing diet of corn silage by stylo silage with concentrate decrease the intake of total digestible nutrients, but did not affect the nitrogen-use efficiency in diets for sheep.

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22-Assessment of the yield loss imparted by Orobanche aegyptiaca in tomato in Pakistan
Authors: Tanveer Tanveer, Bilal Ahmad, Rana M. Sabir Tariq, Syed M. Zia-Ul-Hassan and  Zahoor Ahmad

Current research is focused over the rapid incidence of Orobanche aegyptiaca in tomato fields in Pakistan.
The aim of the research was to assess the level of infestation and the yield losses imparted by this weed, by conducting a detailed survey of the infested areas.
On an average, the estimated yield loss was up to 65-70% that accounts up to 22,869 Kg/Acre in the normal growing season.
This information indicates that Orobanche aegyptiaca has become an emerging threat for tomato production in Pakistan.

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23-Physical-mechanical characterization of two amazon woods coming from the second cutting cycle
Authors: Bruno M. Balboni, Tarcila S. da Silva, Fernando W.C. Andrade, Lucas J.M. de Freitas and Victor H.P. Moutinho

The harvesting on Amazon Forest will lead us to another step of the forest management: the second cycle. Studies showed that the floristic composition will change drastically, as the traditional species will not recovery the harvested biomass. Does the remaining species for the second cycle have potential for the wood harvesting? When working with two of the predominant species from the second-cycle, Pseudopiptadenia psilostachya and Eschweilera ovata, it was concluded that they have properties suitable for use in buildings or wooden floors. Our results indicate that these species have similar characteristics for the use of commercial wood and can replace them.

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24-Growth and biochemical variables in Amazon catfish (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum♀ x Leiarius marmoratus♂) under different water pH
Authors: Carlos Henrique P. Lemos, Samantha Chung, Cláudio V.M. Ribeiro and Carlos Eduardo Copatti

This study provides information about the effects of water pH on the growth performance and health of Amazon catfish (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x Leiarius marmoratus). Fish were subjected to four different water pH levels (4.56, 6.0, 7.24, and 8.90) for 40 days. The main results were: acidic or alkaline pH affect water quality; alkaline pH affect growth performance of Amazon catfish and; at pH 4.56, fish presented higher growth performance. We concluded that water pH 4.56 is recommended for an Amazon catfish production system, since fish presented higher growth and water quality variables were kept within adequate limits for aquaculture.

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25-Fruits of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: allying biodiversity conservation and food security
Authors: Roberta G. de Souza, Maurício L. Dan, Maristela A. Dias-Guimarães, Lorena A.O.P. Guimarães and João Marcelo A. Braga

The manuscript approaches the use of native fruits in the Atlantic Forest, showing that:
- 115 species are used, from which 85% are trees. Myrtaceae, the guava family, is the best represented with 79% of citations.
- Only 2% of the products come from the forest. Useful trees are cultivated in the gardens. In 93% of cases, management practices consist of fruit harvest.
- Five species are endemic to the Atlantic Forests of Brazil, with one of them being endangered and one vulnerable. The results suggest that local management practices might have a positive influence in terms of species conservation.

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26-Neuroscience: unveiling the brain of Saimiri collinsi (Squirrel Monkey)
Authors: Érika Branco, Caroline S.P. de Sena, Luciana F. Pantoja, Paola C. Soares and Ana Rita de Lima

Behavioral intelligence and cogntion in general has been associated to brain morphology for a long time in the history of science. However, for some non-human primates, this morphology is still unknown to science, as is the case for the common squirrel monkey (Saimiri collinsi). In our work, we analyzed the brains of six adults females of this primate at the Animal Morphological Research Laboratory, and two of the most distinct findings were the complete absence of gyri (lissencephaly) and mammillary bodies. These combined conditions raises some intriguing questions about the real cognitive abilities of this species. 

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27-Anatomical modifications of Butia capitata propagated under colored shade nets
Authors: Bárbara N.S. Costa, Irton J.S. Costa, Genaina A. de  Souza, Dalilhia N. dos Santos, Flávia A. da Silveira, Evaldo T. de Melo, Adalvan D. Martins, Moacir  Paqual, Tesfahun A. Setotaw and Filipe A. Rodrigues

The Butia capitata is a native palm of the Cerrado. The use of colored shade nets can be an appropriate strategy for the fast growth and development of plants. From light spectrum transmitted by the nets, it is possible to verify modifications in the standard growth and changes in various anatomical of plants. The objective of evaluating the effect of colored shade net on anatomy of the jelly palm plant, and the red shade produced better anatomical characteristics compared to the other shade nets or no net. Therefore, this shade net is the most indicated for growth of Butia capitata.

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28-Sequential sampling plan for fruit fly species of the Genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) in guava orchards
Authors: José N. do Nascimento, Isaias de  Oliveira, Manoel A.U. Fernandes, Odival Faccenda, Alfredo R. Abot, Marcos G. Fernandes and Flávio R.M. Garcia

In this article, a sequential sampling plan for Anastrepha species in guava orchards is proposed for the first time. The sequential sampling plan predicted the expected maximum number of 37 sampling units to decide whether or not to use control method(s) of Anastrepha species in commercial orchards of guava (Psidium guajava). This sequential plan was defined with mean number of 0.54 adults for each McPhail trap unit (sample). The sequential plan generated is unprecedented and will contribute to the rapid and safe decision making in the control of Anastrepha species of economic importance in guava farming.

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29-Atrazine and nicosulfuron affect the reproductive fitness of the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Tatiane C. Reis, Marcus A. Soares, José B. dos Santos, Conceição A. dos Santos, Jose Eduardo Serrão, José C. Zanuncio and Evander A. Ferreira

This  manuscript presents important sub lethal effects of herbicides used to control weeds in predatory bugs. Podisus nigrispinus is an important biological control agent found in agrosystems and predator of more than 30 species of insect pests. Morphological, histological and behavioral changes were observed in this bug. Only 13% of females exposed to the mixture atrazine and nicosulfuron presented predisposition to copula after 11 hours. The number of mature oocytes per ovary of P. nigrispinus was lower in females exposed to the herbicides.

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30-Diversity of scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) in ten varieties of olive trees (Olea europaea L.) in Southern Brazil
Authors: Vera R.S. Wolff, Caio F.S. Efrom, Daniele C. da Silva and Adilson Tonietto

The olive trees cultivation (Olea europaea L.) for commercial purposes is a recent activity in some Brazilian states. Studies on the adaptability of the varieties of this crop in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, are necessary. One problem with the production is the presence of scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha), which can affect olive trees and reduce the production of yields of olive fruit and oil. This study evaluated the species of scale insects associated in ten olive trees varieties. Six species of armored scale insects (Diaspididae) and two soft scales (Coccidae) were determined.

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31-Agronomic performance and genetic divergence between genotypes of Manihot esculenta
Authors: João Antonio D. Giles, Gleison Oliosi,  Weverton P. Rodrigues, Heder Braun, Ana I.  Ribeiro-Barros and Fábio L. Partelli

We have reported the genetic divergence of 12 genotypes of M. esculenta based on their morphoagronomic characterization using Multivariate statistics. There is considerable genetic divergence between the M. esculenta genotypes evaluated, indicating that this population can be potentially used in future genetic improvement programmes. The genotypes were similarly grouped into four groups by Tocher’s optimization and hierarchical UPGMA. Future studies should evaluate the studied genotypes under different environmental conditions (e.g., drought and salinity) and identify molecular markers for the selection of elite genotypes.

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32-Consortium of five fungal isolates conditioning root growth and arbuscular mycorrhiza in soybean, corn, and sugarcane
Authors: Christian P. Farias, Rafael C. de Carvalho, Felipe M.L. Resende and Lucas C.B. Azevedo

Endophytic fungi can influence beneficial microorganisms in soil and improve plant growth. Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and Trichoderma asperella were applied on sugarcane, corn and soybean and compared to the control in a pot experiment. Fungi consortium mediate root growth in soybean and corn, and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in soybean and sugarcane. Greater root development linked to increased mycorrhizal colonization may result in more efficient absorption of nutrients and water. These effects are important when seeking conservation strategies in agriculture and livestock production.

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33-Physicochemistry, microbiology, fatty acids composition and volatile profile of traditional Söğle tulum (goat's skin bag) cheese
Authors: Orguz Gursoy, Ahmet Küçükçetin, Özge Gökçe, Firuze Ergin and Kübra Kocatürk

Söğle cheese is a type of tulum (goat's skin bag) cheese produced from goat’s milk or a mixture of goat’s and sheep’s milk in Antalya, Turkey. Söğle cheese has its own characteristics because of composition of milk used in production and some differences in its production method (e.g. ripening in wells located in Söğle plateau for three months and heat treatment by using wood fire). This is the first study that aimed to investigate the physicochemistry, microbiology, fatty acids composition and volatile profile of traditional Söğle cheeses ripened in goat's skins for three months in wells.

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34-Effects of maternal artificial vocalization on hyperprolific lactating sows and piglets behavior
Authors: Rennan H.R. Moreira, Rodrigo F. de Oliveira, Jorge Y.P. Palencia, Marina A.G. Lemes, Marilane D. Silva, Cesar A.P. Garbossa, Márvio L.T. de Abreu, Giselle B. de Moura and Rony A. Ferreira

This trial was conduced to evaluate the behavioral patterns of lactating sows and their litters under the effect of artificial vocalization. Sows and their litters were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2x2 factorial scheme (artificial vocalization x lactation week). The behavior was monitored during 24 hours on the 7^th and 15^th days, analyzing the number, interval, and frequency of nursings. Artificial vocalization promoted higher frequencies of eating for sow and nursing for piglets, increased inactive sow behavior, and reduced sow alert inactivity. The maternal artificial vocalization promoted greater lactation efficiency and longer rest time, favoring the sows’ welfare.

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35-Urease activity according to the different inhibitors
Authors: Mateus P. Gomes, Everaldo Zonta, Juliano B. Stafanato and Ariana M. Pereira

We approached the use of NBPT, humic acid and zeolite as alternatives to reduce the urease  activity. NBPT has been shown to be efficient in reducing urease activity even in small doses, whereas zeolite does not influence enzyme activity and the effect of humic acid can be overcome by conditions favoring enzymatic activity, such as high temperatures.

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36-Sensory acceptance and qualitative analysis of fruits in papaya hybrids
Authors: Lucas N. da Luz, Julio C.F. Vettorazzi, Renato Santa-Catarina, Fabio R. Barros, Gislanne B.A. Barros, Messias G. Pereira and Deisy L. Cardoso

In this study we aimed to evaluate the acceptance and commercial standard of papaya fruits according to their sensory traits and provide information about the organoleptic and qualitative aspects of the fruit. The following genotypes were assessed: hybrids UC13, UC14, UC15 and UC16, from the 'Solo' group; hybrids UC03, UC10 and UC12, from the 'Formosa' group; and ‘Golden’, ‘Calimosa’ and ‘Tainung 01’, which were used as controls. The hybrids UC10, UC12, UC14 and UC16 were the most accepted and preferred, respectively, in purchase intention.

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37-Technical efficiency analysis of marine shrimp farming (Litopenaeus vannamei) in biofloc and conventional systems: A case study in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Marcelo A.S. Rego, Omar J. Sabbag, Roberta B. Soares and  Silvio Peixoto

The study analyzed the technical efficiency through data envelopment analysis (DEA) of Litopenaeus vannamei culture in conventional and biofloc technology systems (BFT) in northeastern Brazil. Inefficiencies were detected in both systems, with a greater influence of the management practices and production scale on the reduction in technical efficiency score of the conventional and BFT system, respectively. Results may help to improve the development of sustainable L. vannamei farming by reducing waste and increasing profits.

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38-Vascular epiphyte biomass in a South Brazilian fragment of Atlantic Forest
Authors: Marise P. Petean, Amanda K. Marcon, Dieter Liebsch, Franklin Galvão and Rodrigo A. Kersten

The individual tree size affects epiphytic biomass, which indicates that the maintenance of mature forests is essential to preserve the diversity of vascular epiphytes. Although epiphytic biomass is higher on large-sized trees, young and thin-stemmed trees should not be neglected in quantitative studies – they can support a significant amount of epiphytic component due to their high density. By dividing the trees into parts, we find that the part with the highest epiphytic biomass is the outer crown. The epiphytic biomass showed a high correlation with phorophyte diameter, allowing it to be estimated from mathematical models.

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39-Robust volumetric models for supporting the management of secondary forest stands in the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Laio Z. Oliveira, Aline R. Klitzke, Alfredo C. Fantini, Heitor F. Uller,  Jean Correia and Alexander C. Vibrans

Most of the Atlantic Forest remnants are second-growth forests dominated by fast-growing species with reasonable market-value timber. Nevertheless, tree-level volume prediction models are scarce. This study presents stem and total volume models fitted to data from 288 harvested trees in a management operation. The power model embedding diameter at breast height (D) and stem or total height presented the greatest prediction strength for both stem and total volume. Models including only D to predict total volume presented similar performance to double-entry models. The small prediction improvement of species-specific models should offset the extra efforts implied in the collection of reliable samples. 

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40-Impact of percentage and particle size of sugarcane biochar on the sorption behavior of clomazone in red Latosol
Authors: Marcos R.F. da Silva, Maria Eliana L.R. de Queiroz, Antônio A. Neves, Antônio A. da Silva, André F. de  Oliveira, Renan L. de Oliveira and Mariane M. Azevedo

Sorption and desorption of clomazone was evaluated in soil amended with biochar and unamended soil. The soil amendment with biochar changed the clomazone sorption kinetics on soil. Particle size and percentage of biochar had great influence on sorptive behavior of clomazone in soil. Estimated external surface area of biochar explained the changes in the clomazone sorption on soil conditioned.

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41-Ecological capability evaluation for afforestation and forest expansion using Geographical information system (GIS) in  management area of Caspian sea
Author: Seyed A. Hashemi

The paper study in north of Iran and Ecological capability evaluation in under development country in middle east is important for natural resources management. Iran many has many issue in environmental management and the study in  afforestaion  projects in Caspain  forest in north of Iran by GIS management is too rare. The use of Gama operator in GIS is important in study. The Caspian forest today is Under pressure Issues such as human migration, degradation, degradation and soil salinity Cutting down trees is therefore a study in the field of afforestation can be useful in the success of forestry projects.

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42-Sampling system for estimating woody debris in an urban mixed tropical forest
Authors: Sylvio Péllico Netto, Allan L. Pelissari, Andressa Ribeiro, Sebastião A. Machado and Rodrigo G.M. Nascimento

Few studies have been carried out to get an accurate sampling procedure for estimating woody debris in mixed tropical forests. In this study, we proposed two methodologies: 1) two-stage systematic sampling, with Strand’s method applied to standing dead trees and stumps, and line intercept to fallen trees and branches; and 2) ratio estimate of the cross-sectional areas of deadwood pieces and forest basal area. Sampling errors were equal to 16.1% (methodology 1) and 5.7% (methodology 2), in which methodology 2 has potential to be used in strategic woody debris inventories, due to increasing importance of its quantification in forest ecosystems.

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43-Sunflower protein concentrate and crambe protein concentrate in diets for silver catfish Rhamdia quelen (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824): use as sustainable ingredients
Authors:  Naglezi M. Lovatto, Bruno B. Loureiro, Dirleise Pianesso, Taida J. Adorian, Fernanda R. Goulart, Caroline S. Speroni, Ana Betine B. Bender, Jucieli Müller and Leila P. da Silva

The use of plant-based protein sources in fish feeds has expanded considerably in recent years to meet the demand for feeds and sustain the development of aquaculture production. The protein sources in aquaculture are still challenging, since information on the bioavailability of nutrients is controversial and limited. The study checked growth and metabolic parameters of silver catfish fed with protein concentrates of sunflower and crambe meal. It evaluated two levels of substitution, where 25 or 50% of animal protein was replaced with plant-based protein. The developed protein concentrates can effectively replace 25 and 50% of the animal protein.

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44-Welfare indicators for laying Japanese quails caged at different densities
Authors: Daniela F. Soares, Carla C.  Pizzolante, Keila Maria R. Duarte, José Evandro de Moraes, Fábio E.L. Budiño, Weber V.B. Soares and Sérgio K. Kakimoto

This research aimed to evaluate the effects of different densities on the productive yield, egg quality and immunological aspects of Japanese quails. It was used 816 Japanese quails, during egg production phase, in a random design, with four treatments (121.43 cm²/bird; 106.25 cm²/bird; 94.44 cm²/bird and 85.00 cm²/bird). Results indicate density did not interfere on egg quality. Therefore, higher densities decline the yield, decreasing the eggs weight, the laying %, egg mass and the week average feed consumption. IgY values were higher at smaller cage density, suggesting birds with better immunological condition, related to welfare and stress factors.

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45-Dynamics of solar radiation and soybean yield in agroforestry systems
Authors: Braulio O. Caron, Jaqueline  Sgarbossa, Felipe Schwerz, Elvis F. Elli,  Elder Eloy and Alexandre Behling

This study was conducted with the objective to evaluate the effect of different arrangements of agroforestry systems of the species E. urophylla x E. grandis and P. dubium and the pruning of the trees on the dynamics of solar radiation and soybean yield. It was verified that the soybean yield was determined by the arrangement of the agroforestry system and forest species utilized. In addition, it was possible to observe, tree pruning is a viable side for agroforestry systems, as it promotes an increase in the incidence of solar radiation in the understory, resulting in an increase in soybean yield.

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46-Isolation and prospection of diazotrophic rhizobacteria associated with sugarcane under organic management
Authors: Ariana A. Rodrigues, Marcus Vinícius F. Araújo, Renan S. Soares, Bruno F.R. de Oliveira, Igor D.A. Ribeiro, Sergio T. Sibov and José Daniel G. Vieira

Sugarcane crops requires a lot of nitrogen, however, in organic agriculture fertilizers based on petroleum are prohibited. In this sense, we isolated nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria associated with sugarcane under organic management using nitrogen-free media and the presence of nifH gene. We also evaluated the ability of these organisms to produce plant growth promotion traits in vitro. We found a wide diversity of organic sugarcane associated bacteria. Regarding the plant promotion traits, bacteria of the genus Sphingobium, Rhizobium and Enterobacter were good phosphate solubilizers and IAA producers. On the other hand, Burkholderia genus were associated with inhibition of the pathogen Fusarium moniliforme.

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47-Multivariate analysis relating milk production, milk composition, and seasons of the year
Authors: Ione M.P. Haygert-Velho, Gabriel M. da Conceição, Luiz C. Cosmam, Dileta R.M. Alessio, Marcos Busanello, Micheli R. Sippert, Cássia Damiani, Ana Paula A. Almeida and João Pedro Velho

The teaching scheme for training the Agricultural Technicians of the Escola Estadual Técnica Celeste Gobbato (EETCG) is detailed. The aim was to work in accordance with the Integrated System of Agricultural Production to achieve sustainability. The results obtained at the Dairy Cattle Education Unit showed that the quality of the milk produced is in accordance with Normative Instructions Nº51 and Nº62 of the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (Brasil 2002, 2011). Using multivariate analyses, we were able to understand the overall relationship between milk production and composition in the studied farm.

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48-Fertility Life Table, Population Parameters and Biotic Potential of Helicoverpa gelotopoeon (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: María I. Herrero, Luciana C. Dami, Sofía V. Fogliata, Augusto S. Casmuz, Daniel R. Sosa Gómez, Gerardo  A. Gastaminza and María G. Murúa

Helicoverpa gelotopoeon is an endemic pest of South America that affects soybean and other important crops. Life tables are a fundamental tool used to study insect populations; therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the biotic potential and the construction of a life table of this species under laboratory conditions. According to our results, the maximum rate of population growth occurred in the day 33 and the biotic potential was 2.026 x 10¹⁸ individuals/female/year. The survivorship curve showed that mortality was high during incubation period and first larval instars, then it declined until the death of last adult.

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49-Molecular marker assisted selection for increasing inbreeding in S₁ populations of cassava
Authors: Paulo Henrique G.A. de Oliveira, Ana Claudia O. Barbosa, Rafael P. Diniz, Eder J. de Oliveira and Claudia F. Ferreira

The marker-assisted selection (MAS) for obtaining cassava clones with high inbreeding (f) can reduce the time need to develop partial inbred lines. Three progenies S₁ were evaluated for some agronomic traits in the seedlings and clonal evaluation trials (CETs), and 27 microsatellites and five minisatellites were used to determine the level of inbreeding of the S₁ individuals. In average, 25% of the S₁ individuals were selected by presenting 38% inbreeding increase. No correlation between the level of inbreeding and agronomic traits were identified. MAS was effective to decrease the breeding cycles necessary to obtain new partial inbred cassava lines.

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50-Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of selected varieties of Piper betle L. (Betel leaf)
Authors:  Chayanika Sarma, Prasad Rasane, Sawinder Kaur, Jyoti Singh, Joginder Singh, Yogesh Gat, Umar Garba, Damanpreet Kaur and Kajal Dhawan

The present study focuses on evaluating antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of betel leaf. For the present study, distilled water, hexane, acetone and ethanolic extracts of two varieties of betel leaves: Meetha paan and Banarasi paan were used. The extracts showed acceptable antimicrobial activity which could potentially be used for preservation of foods.

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51-Management of pruning and evaluation in blackberry cultivars in relation to productive characteristics and bioactive compounds
Authors: Adriana Lugaresi, Alison Uberti, Clevison L. Giacobbo, Maike Lovatto, Gian C. Girardi and Américo Wagner Junior

The evaluation of the productive behaviour of blackberry cultivars in different environments and under different pruning management is of great importance for the expansion of your production area. We investigated the quantitative and qualitative aspects of blackberry fruits. The behaviour of the cultivars changes according to the environment. The content of soluble solids and flavonoids is dependent on the winter pruning. The greater number of primocane resulted in a higher productivity of “BRS-Tupy” cultivar. Our results stimulate the adoption of specific cultivars and different pruning management to increase yield and fruit quality of blackberry.

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52-Combination of fixative agents and fixation times to visually differentiate the cortical from the medullary layer in bovine adrenal glands
Authors: Fabrício S. Oliveira, Fernanda Macitelli, Caio C.C. Santos, Janaina S. Braga, Barbara C. Costa, Marina Pastore, Thiago A.S.S.  Rocha and Mateus J.R.P. da Costa

This manuscript focus on the efficiency of four fixative agents (Bouin’s solution, ethyl alcohol, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde) and three fixation times (12, 24 and 48 hours) to differentiate the cortical from the medullary area in the adrenal glands of beef cattle, making possible to use their measurements as indicators of cattle welfare. Based in the results we conclude that the fixation of adrenal glands must be done in Bouin’s solution for 24 hours to obtain an effective evaluation of the adrenal glands areas morphometry.

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53-Growth of cactus pear cv. Miúda under different salinity levels and irrigation frequencies
Authors: Joelma de L. Freire, Mércia Virginia F. dos Santos, José Carlos B. Dubeux Júnior, Egídio Bezerra Neto, Mário de A. Lira, Márcio V. da Cunha, Djalma C. dos  Santos,  Silvania O. de Amorim and Alexandre Carneiro L. de  Mello

Cacti are adapted to dry regions; however, drip irrigation can increase biomass production of these plants by many folds. Saline water is the only irrigation water available in many regions. This research evaluated how irrigation frequency and soil salinity affect cactus pear cv. Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck) grown in two soil textures. Plants grown in sandy loam yielded greater number of cladodes and greater productivity. Irrigation water with a salinity level of 3.6 ds m^-1 and frequent irrigation (7 days) showed greater soil electrical conductivity and lower productivity, indicating a low tolerance of the cv. Miúda to salt stress.

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54-Growth and production of volatile compounds of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) under different irrigation depths
Authors: Ivan C.A. Alvarenga, Fernanda V. Pacheco, Amauri A. Alvarenga,  Suzan K.V. Bertolucci and José Eduardo B.P. Pinto

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L., Asteraceae) is an important medicinal plant used worldwide. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth, accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and the profile of the volatile compounds of yarrow under different water depths. The better growth it’s in 440 mm. The results show that the plant presents tolerance to water limitation, as it presented greater accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and greater number of volatile compounds. The major volatiles in all treatments were sabinene, 1,8-cineole, borneol and β-caryophyllene. Increased water availability reduced the complexity of the volatile fraction of essential oil.

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55-Bibliometric analysis for Pattern Exploration in Worldwide Digital Soil Mapping Publications
Authors: Luciano C. Cancian, Ricardo S.D. Dalmolin and Alexandre T. Caten

Digital soil mapping (DSM) emerged as a technique to generate new soil studies and meet the demand for information in terms of detailed knowledge on spatial distribution and properties. However, there is still a lack of studies that characterize the main publications, not only in Brazil, but in other countries as well. Publications on DSM are increasing at an accelerated pace, and the vast majority of articles was published in Geoderma. The DSM research in Brazil has been gaining a prominent position in the world scenario, not only in the number of papers, but also with good quotation.

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56-Relationship between biochemical and photosynthetic traits with Asian soybean rust
Authors: Tássia B. de  Oliveira, Leonardo A. Peixoto, Paulo E. Teodoro, Amauri A. de Alvarenga, Leonardo L. Bhering and Clara B. Hoffmann-Campo

Asian soybean rust (ASR) is one of the major diseases that occur in soybean and causes great damage to commercial crops, being important investigate the relationship between biochemical and photosynthetic parameters in soybean with ASR. Based on correlations was verified that the severity had high correlation, meanwhile photosynthesis is weakly related with almost all traits evaluated. Therefore, the occurrence of ASR affects directly the traits related to enzymatic activity and phenolic compounds. Understanding the relationship has a great importance for breeding programs, as it will help for obtaining resistant cultivars or efficient methods in fungus control.

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57-Hematological and biochemical profile of BALB/c nude and C57BL/6 SCID female mice after ovarian xenograft
Authors: Denilsa P. Fernandes, Muriel M.L. Pimentel, Fernanda A. dos Santos, Érika A. Praxedes, Parmênedes D. de Brito, Mikael A. Lima, Ivana C.N.G. Lelis, Michelly F. de Macedo and Marcelo B. Bezerra

The present study purposed to determine the hematological and biochemical profile of immunosuppressed BALB/c nude and C57BL/6 SCID mice after bovine ovarian xenotransplantation. Ovarian xenotransplantation was performed on BALB/c nude and C57BL/6 SCID mice. Hormonal protocol with FSH/LH and eCG was carried. Hematological and biochemical profile of immunosuppressed mice are reported. We find that the ovarian xenotransplantation procedure did not influence the hematological and biochemical parameters. Our findings suggest that the xenotransplantation procedure as well as the hormonal dosages had no significant effect on the well-being of the animals considering the evaluated hematological and biochemical profile.

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58-Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsii in Allium sativum: potential biocontrol agents and their effects on plant metabolites
Authors: Vytória P. Cavalcanti, Neilton A.F. Araújo, Kátia R.F. Schwan-Estrada, Moacir Pasqual and Joyce Dória

Garlic is a plant widely used due its medicinal and alimentary potential. The article elucidate the main question about Athelia (Sclerotium) rolsfii_ attack in garlic production, bringing a review over the potential agents (bacteria and yeasts) involved in phytopathogen biocontrol, its action mechanisms and its effects on plant secondary metabolites, in which can cause improvement on final quality of garlic.

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59-Soil Physical Quality in Agricultural Systems on the Cerrado of Piauí State, Brazil
Authors: Thiago R. Schossler, Robélio L. Marchão, Isis L. dos Santos, Djavan P. Santos, Júlio César A. Nóbrega and Glenio G. Santos

The Southwest of Piauí belongs to the “Matopiba” region. It is an agricultural frontier in the north part of the Cerrado biome that extends over an area of 12 million hectares. The impact of land use and management on soil quality in this region is an important issue. Conventional management, with loss of soil organic matter and compaction usually promotes soil degradation. The importance of conservation agriculture for soil physical quality and the relationship between soil physical attributes is emphasized in this paper. The implementation of no-tillage system may contribute to faster improvement of soil physical quality in the region.

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60-Population suppression of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) on table grapes using toxic baits
Authors: Cléber A. Baronio, Daniel Bernardi, Beatriz A.J. Paranhos, Flávio R.M. Garcia and Marcos Botton

To provide alternatives to the use of spraying synthetic insecticides in C. capitata management, was evaluated the effect of “attract and kill” toxic baits on population suppression of C. capitata in three commercial areas producing table grapes. It was observed that, toxic baits Gelsura™ (4.5 L ha^-1) and Success™ 0.02 CB (4.0 L ha^-1) are promising alternatives for the insecticides in the population suppression of C. capitata on table grapes.

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61-Production and performance of sugarcane seeds (caryopses) from different hybridizations involving RB92579
Authors: Carlos A. Diniz, Vilma M. Ferreira, Clíssia B. da Silva, Geraldo V.S. Barbosa, João C. de Araújo Neto and João M. dos Santos

This research aimed to study the production and performance of sugarcane seeds from different hybridizations involving RB92579 as pollen recipient and pollen donor. In 2015, the RB92579 cultivar represented 37% of the harvested area in the Brazilian Northeast region, and currently this cultivar is the third most planted in the country. Its characteristics are high agriculture yields, resistance to major pests and diseases, beyond high adaptability to different regions of Brazil. Thus, sugarcane breeding programs have adopted the strategy of using it in hybridizations for the development of new sugarcane cultivars.

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62-Plant densities and harvesting times on productive and physiological aspects  of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni grown in southern Brazil
Authors: Erik N. Gomes, Diego Moterle, Luiz Antonio Biasi, Henrique S. Koehler, Luiz Alberto Kanis  and Cícero Deschamps

Stevia rebaudiana Bert. is becoming an important crop due to the production of natural sweeteners up to 400 times sweeter than sucrose. In this study we report how the management of plant densities on the field and harvesting times can affect the production of these compounds. Harvesting at the onset of flowering associated with the lowest planting density promoted higher levels of natural sweeteners per plant, but the use of higher densities increased the total yield of these products per area. The results are also discussed in terms of plant physiology and interactions between primary and secondary metabolism.  

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63-Plant growth, radiation use efficiency and yield of sugarcane cultivated in agroforestry systems: An alternative for threatened ecosystems
Authors: Felipe Schwerz, Sandro L.P. Medeiros, Elvis F. Elli, Elder Eloy, Jaqueline Sgarbossa and Braulio O. Caron

This paper reports an approach about sugarcane in agroforestry systems. The growth rates, radiation use efficiency and yield traits in sugarcane cultivated in the Aleurites fordii understory in two agroforestry arrangements and monocropping systems were evaluated. Information generated in this study is relevant, as it provides information to farmers for planning the more effective agroforestry arrangements, since the use of 12x12m arrangements should be prioritized because it enables greater sugarcane yields and radiation availability in the understory. This study sought to provide new sustainable alternatives for farmers in order to increase the diversification and maintain the preservation of existing agroecosystems.

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64-Volume equations for Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. plantations in Brazil
Authors: Ximena M. de Oliveira, Andressa Ribeiro, Antonio Carlos Ferraz Filho, Rafaella C. Mayrinck, Renato R. de Lima, Renato and José Roberto S. Scolforo

Tree and stand volume determination is important for the sustainable management of forest resources, be it from native forests or plantations. Tree volume estimation is an important analytical technique in forestry, since the mensuration of this variable is difficult. This paper offers equations to estimate individual tree volume using diameter and height for Khaya ivorensis plantations, a species recently introduced in commercial scale in Brazil. We present equations for the estimation of different kinds of volume (merchantable or total), different periods of stand intervention (first thinning and final cut) and different requirements of input data (single and double-entry).

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