NEWSLETTER 23

Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences

AABC - Volume 89.4 - December 2017

This is the last AABC issue of 2017.  Again, 50 papers of a great variety of fields are presented, having Agrarian Sciences (16) in the lead, followed by Biological (14) and Health Sciences (9). Contributions in Biomedical (3), Mathematical (2), Engineering (2) and Earth Sciences wrap up this issue.

The variety of studies published by the AABC in Agrarian Sciences is increasing steadily in the last years. Here we present papers that range from phosphate solubilization by endophytic bacteria of banana tree roots to the assessment of the sedative effects of essential oils from basiland lemongrass in Nile tilapia. There are also studies of agronomic viability of intercropping in New Zealand, the relationship of mullets and parasites, and investigations regarding the mechanisms that influence the drought tolerance of castor beans.

Among the several papers in the area of Biological Sciences, there is one study associating high sucrose consumption and damages of DNA in rats. Other contributions address the Latin American influence in ecological studies, post-fire regeneration of tropical forests, and impact of exercises in non-pregnant and pregnant rats.

Regarding Biomedical Sciences, the present issue of the AABC has a study on the evaluation of phenolic compounds of Morus nigra extracts and the antifungal properties of a traditional medicinal plant.

Health Sciences, an area that is increasing in our journal, shows a study on the perception regarding orthodontists in Class II malocclusion treatments, and the evaluation of pharmaceutical care of tuberculosis in some areas of Brazil.

Considering Earth Sciences, I would like to call your attention on a paleoenvironmental study of the coastal plain in Santa Catarina, which shows changes that occurred in the last 5000 years. Other papers published here address the relation between geological structures and the occurrences of landslides, conservation of geosites in the Ceará State, and the concentration of heavy metals in tropical estuaries.

In Mathematical Sciences there is a study that addresses the Sturm–Liouville equation while in Engineering Sciences new material to be used in cortical bone prosthetics is presented.

I would also like to call your attention to the editorial that discusses the damages that can be caused in the DNA by sucrose, as well as the biotechnology potential of sponge-associated bacteria communities

Please keep in mind that since 2000, all papers published by the AABC can be downloaded free of charge at the SciELO site and previous editions of the Newsletter are available at the ABC website.

We are now inviting you to scroll through the text and click on the title of the article that interests you!

Alexander W. A. Kellner
Editor-in-Chief

MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES  

1 - Uniqueness properties of the solution of the inverse problem for the Sturm -Liouville equation with discontinuous leading coeficiente
Authors: Anar Adiloglu, Mehmet  Gürdal and Ayse N. Kinci

In the present paper we consider a boundary value problem for the Sturm–Liouville equation with discontinuous leading coefficients arise in geophysics, electromagnetics, elasticity and other fields of engineering and physics. We prove that the considered boundary value problem is uniquely reconstructed, i.e. the potential function of the equation and the constants in the boundary conditions are uniquely determined by given spectral characteristics as the Weyl function or spectral data of the boundary value problem. We also study some other types of boundary value problems related with the Sturm-Liouville equation with discontinuous leading coefficient.

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2 - Periodic complex map germs and foliations
Authors: Leonardo M.  Câmara and Bruno A. Scárdua

In this paper we study topological and analytical conditions on the orbits of a germ of diffeomorphism in the complex plane in order to obtain periodicity. In particular, we give a simple proof of a finiteness criteria for groups of analytic diffeomorphisms, stated in Brochero Martínez 2003. [Groups of germs of analytic diffeomorphisms in (C², 0). J Dyn Control Syst 9: 1-32]. As an application, we derive some consequences about the integrability of complex vector fields in dimension three in a neighborhood of an isolated singular point.

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EARTH SCIENCES  

3 - Paleoenvironmental evolution of the coastal plain of Southern Brazil: palynological data from a Holocene core in Santa Catarina State
Authors: Lidia A.  Kuhn, Paulo A. Souza, Rodrigo R. Cancelli, Wagner G. Silva and Renato B. Macedo

The palynological analyses of a 450 cm-long core PCSC-3 in Santa Catarina State (Garopaba, southern Brazil) led to the recognition of three phases from 5390 cal yr BP (late Middle Holocene) to close to modern days. These phases are characterized by the presence and the relative frequency of marine (dinoflagellates, acritarchs and microforaminiferal linings), freshwater (Botryococcus) versus continental palynomorphs (spore-pollen, fungi). Three specimens of acritarchs are described and illustrated in detail due to their paleoenvironmental importance. Our results corroborate  other general reconstructions for the area, in the context of sea level oscilations in the coastal plain of south Brazil.

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4 - Potentially mobile of heavy metals on the surface sediments in tropical hyper-saline and positive estuaries
Authors: Carlos A. Ramos e Silva, Estefan M. da Fonseca, Beatriz W. Grotto, Flavo E.S.  de Souza and José A. Baptista-Neto

This work compares the sediment of nine tropical estuaries (positive and hyper-saline) in relation to heavy metal concentrations in the phase potentially availability in the superficial sediment (fraction smaller than 1 mm). The dilution capacity of the estuaries and the anthropic factors influenced the concentrations of metals in the sediment. The extraction method used in the fraction smaller than 1 mm was adequate for implantation of the monitoring of metals in the studied estuaries.

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5 - Landslides Zonation Hazard: relation between geological structures and landslides occurrence in hilly tropical regions of Brazil
Authors: Rodrigo I. Cerri, Fábio A.G.V. Reis, Marcelo F. Gramani, Lucilia C. Giordano and José Eduardo Zaine

“Landslides Zonation Hazard: relation between geological structures and landslides occurrence in hilly tropical regions of Brazil” purposes a new way to study landslides in Serra do Mar. Landslide hazard zonation uses beyond commonly used factors (declivity, relative relief, lithology type, etc.) the relation between preserved geological structures in residual soils (fractures and foliation) and slope geometry to identify unstable slopes. Results show that landslides locations are well concentrated in slopes with NW and SE inclination direction (high hazard). These directions have the same dip direction of foliation, which can indicate a structural control on landslides in the study area.

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6 - Conservation of geosites as a tool to protect geoheritage the inventory of Ceará Central Domain, Borborema Province – NE/Brazil
Authors: Pâmella Moura, Maria da Glória M. Garcia, José B. Brilha and Wagner S. Amaral

Is it possible to promote nature conservation without geodiversity? How can we protect our geoheritage? In this paper we show the inventory of geologically relevant sites – the geosites - in the countryside of Ceará state, Brazil, which helped scientists to understand a long geological history, from the formation of an ancient supercontinent to the evolution of Ceará’s landscapes. We also show the procedures and the methodology involved in the selection of the geosites. Finally, we discuss strategies to promote their conservation, as the need of adequate legal frameworks and the use of geoheritage as a base for sustainable development in the semi-arid.

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BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES  

7 - Natural decomposition of Hornbeam wood decayed by the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor
Authors: Maryam Karim, Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei, Javad Torkaman,  Reza   Oladi,  Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary, Ehsan Bari and Nural Yilgor

The influences of white-rot fungus was studied on altering wood chemistry in vivo. Hence, decayed and sound wood samples were collected from a natural infected tree (Carpinus betulus). Fruiting bodies of the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor grown on the same tree were identified using rDNA ITS sequencing. Chemical and photochemical (FT-IR) analyses of both sound and infected wood were assessed. The results of chemical compositions indicated that test fungus reduced cellulose and lignin in similar quantities. FT-IR analyses showed that T. versicolor causes simultaneous white-rot in the hornbeam tree in vivo which is in line with in vitro experiments.

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8 - High consumption of sucrose induces DNA damage in male Wistar rats
Authors: Silvia I.R. Franke, Patrícia Molz, Camila Mai, Joel H. Ellwanger, Fernanda F. Zenkner, Jorge A. Horta and Daniel Prá

By the first time, we described the effects of high sucrose consumption on the levels of DNA damage in the blood, in the hippocampus and in the bone marrow of rats. The results showed that sucrose consumption increased serum glucose and A1C levels. The level of primary DNA damage increased in the hippocampus, but not in the blood. In the markers of chromosomal breaks/losses in the bone marrow, an increase was also observed. These results demonstrated that high sucrose consumption is associated with primary DNA damage in the hippocampus and at chromosomal damage, being a contributing factor for diabetes-associated neuropathologies.

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 9 - Latin American scientific contribution to ecology
Authors: Juliana Wojciechowski, Fernanda Ceschin, Suelen C.A.S. Pereto, Luiz G.S.  Ribas, Luis A.V. Bezerra, Jaqueline Dittrich, Tadeu Siqueira and André A. Padial

In this manuscript, we assessed the scientific participation of Latin American researchers in ecological journals, patterns of international collaboration, and defined the main characteristics of the ecological research. Latin American studies represented a low percentage of published studies in most journals, particularly in journals with high metrics of international visibility. International collaboration was central to improve visibility and development of Latin American research. We presented a framework of Latin American scientific investigations in Ecology that revealed the main trends and gaps of researches. Latin American ecological research is still on its infancy, but also shows signs of the recent development.

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10 - The conservation of native priority medicinal plants in a Caatinga area in Ceará, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Maria O. Santos, Bianca V. de Almeida, Daiany A. Ribeiro, Delmacia G. de Macêdo, Márcia J.F. Macêdo, Julimery G.F. Macedo, Francisca F.S. de Sousa, Liana G.S. de Oliveira, Manuele E. Saraiva, Thatiane M.S. Araújo and Marta M.A. Souza

The availability and species conservation priority was verified by relative density, risk of collection, local use and use of diversity in the forest fragment sampled. It was recorded 42 native medicinal plants and conservation priority score was calculated for seven species, including Mimosa tenuiflora, Hymenaea courbaril, Ximenia americana and Amburana cearensis  which need immediate conservation and attention, since their collection does not occur in a sustainable way. Three species were indicated for collection (Croton blanchetianus, Bauhinia cheilantha and Pityrocarpa moniliformis), being considered appropriate for collection, believing that their consumption does not threaten conservation.

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11 - Post-fire regeneration in seasonally dry tropical forest fragments in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Mayke B. Costa, Luis Fernando T. de Menezes and Marcelo T. Nascimento

How the use of fire for land clearing and pasture management impacts on secondary forest succession in the Atlantic Forest is not yet well established. We compared post-fire recovery of species composition and forest structure after 14-25 years with those of mature forest in a protected area in a semideciduous seasonal forest. We found that 14-25 years after fire, secondary forest differed much from the primary forest and we estimated that at least 190 years were necessary for recovery.

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12 - Karyotype analysis in Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae): chromosome numbers and heterochromatin
Authors: Joel M.P. Cordeiro, Miriam Kaehler, Gustavo Souza and Leonardo P. Felix

Bignonieae is the largest tribe of Bignoniaceae, composed mostly by woody climber species whose taxonomies are quite complicated. We reviewed and added new data concerning chromosome numbers in Bignonieae and performed the first analyses of heterochromatin banding patterns in that tribe based on the fluorochromes chromomycin A3 (CMA) and 4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). We confirmed the predominant diploid number 2n = 40, as well as variations reported in the literature (dysploidy in Mansoa [2n = 38] and polyploidy in Dolichandra ungis-cati [2n = 80] and Pyrostegia venusta [2n = 80]). We also found a new cytotype for the genus Anemopaegma (Anemopaegma citrinum, 2n = 60) and provide the first chromosome counts for five species (Adenocalymma divaricatum, Amphilophium scabriusculum, Fridericia limae, F. subverticillata, and Xylophragma myrianthum). Heterochromatin analyses revealed only GC-rich regions, with six different arrangements of those bands. The A-type (one large and distal telomeric band) were the most common, although the presence and combinations of the other types appear to be the most promising for taxonomic studies.

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13 - 6-Gingerol inhibits hair cycle via induction of MMP2 and MMP9 expression
Authors: Chun Hou, Yong Miao, Hang Ji, Susheng Wang, Gang Liang, Zhihua Zhang and Weijin Hong

6-gingerol played an important role in regulating hair growth and significantly and dose-dependently decreased the number of hair follicles. 1mg/ mL 6-gingerol was chosen the optimum treatment concentration and was used in the related mechanisms assays. 6-gingerol induced MMP2 and MMP9 expression, which played an important role in hair cycle progress sion and hair growth. 6-gingerol decreased EGF, KGF, VEGF, and IGF-1 concentrations, and increased TGF-β concentration which involved in hair growth. 6-gingerol not only cannot treat hair loss, but can restrain hair growth. Therefore, we suggested that this study might provide insights into the prevention for hair loss.

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14 - Richness and structure of ant assemblies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Atlantic forest in southern Brazil
Authors: Junir A. Lutinski, Cladis J. Lutinski, Carin Guarda, Maria A. Busato and Flávio R.M. Garcia

Ants are an ecologically important group due to their potential to serve as indicators of environmental quality. This study provides new information concerning ant richness and abundance over the ecological recovery process in the Permanent Preservation Areas of Hydroelectric dams. The ant assemblages sampled included subfamilies and genera recognized for playing important roles at various trophic levels in the ecosystem. It presents an inventory of species that are capable of colonizing environments with different land use histories that have been isolated and allowed to undergo natural regeneration processes.

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15 - Palynological analysis of Dennstaedtiaceae taxa from the Paranaense Phytogeografic Province that produce monolete spores and its systematic implications (I): Blotiella lindeniana, Histiopteris incisa and Paesia glandulosa
Authors: Agustina Yañez, Gonzalo Marquez and Marta Morbelli

The spore morphology and wall structure of Blotiella lindeniana, Histiopteris incisa and Paesia glandulosa from the Paranaense Phytogeographic Province were studied using light microscope, and scanning and transmission electron microscope. Three different kinds of sculpture in monolete spores of Dennstaediaceae were found: baculate, regulate and tuberculate-reticulate. The variability found in the spore sculpture and ultrastructure of perispore reflects the morphological differences observed in the sporophyte of the species studied. The spores could be an important source of characteristics with systematic value into the family Dennstaedtiaceae.

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16 - Evaluation of anaerobic threshold in non-pregnant and pregnant rats
Authors: Aline Oliveira Netto, Nathália C.D. Macedo, Franciane Q. Gallego, Yuri K. Sinzato, Gustavo T. Volpato and Débora C. Damasceno

Several studies have been investigated to evaluate exercise intensity in male rats. However, the impact of different type, intensity, frequency and duration of exercise on female rats are rare. This investigation aimed at evaluating the anaerobic threshold (AT) in non-pregnant and pregnant rats. In the non-pregnant, the load was from 5.5% to 6.0% body weight (), while the pregnant Wistar rats presented the AT at a lower loading from 5.0% to 5.5%. Our results demonstrated that this study was effective to identify exercise intensities in pregnant and non-pregnant rats using anaerobic threshold by LacMin test.

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17 - Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from an urban forest fragment in Central Amazon (Brazil): Effects of opening areas on abundance, richness, and composition
Authors: Eduarda D.R. Dourado, Ruth L. Ferreira-Keppler, Renato T. Martins and María M. Ronderos

We assessed the immature stages of Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) in artificial containers in an urban forest fragment in Manaus (Brazil), including their behavioral, biological and ecological information. We also evaluated the effects of open and forested area on Ceratopogonidae communities. Richness and community composition differed between areas. We did not record differences in abundance between areas or seasons. We provide the first records of Culicoides (Hoffmania) insignis and C. (Haematomyidium) quasiparaensis in artificial containers from the Amazonas. Our results suggest that the preservation of forested areas is fundamental for the maintenance of the life cycle of some species of Ceratopogonidae.

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18 - Can nearby eutrophic reservoirs sustain a differentiated biodiversity of planktonic microcrustaceans in a tropical semiarid basin?
Authors: Leidiane P. Diniz and Mauro de Melo-Júnior

This paper aims to compare alpha and beta diversities of planktonic microcrustaceans from three reservoirs located nearby in a tropical semiarid basin. Our hypothesis was that alpha and beta diversities of the community are different, although the ecosystems are located close to each other. The reservoirs showed different uses and types of nitrogen predominance: Cachoeira (supply/nitrate), Borborema (sewage/ammonia) and Saco (aquaculture/ammonia). Although communities are close to each other, their composition and richness were found to be distinct for each reservoir. This may be in response to the peculiar particularities, such as nitrogen sources and the different uses.

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19 - Ecology and biotechnological potential of bacterial community from three marine sponges of the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Fabio V. de Araujo, Marcelle C.M. Netto, Gustavo P. Azevedo, Marcelly M.A. Jayme, Monica C. Nunes-Carvalho, Mariana M. Silva and Flávia L. do Carmo

This article highlights that bacterial communities present in three marine sponges species collected in Brazilian waters, despite displaying in their composition the influence of the environment, show specific populations, some of them presenting potential in the production of substances to biotechnological applications.

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20 - Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetic Analysis of Chimerism in Marmosets (Callithrix: Primates)
Authors: Monique O.M. Silva, Jorge Luís A. de Armada, Carlos Eduardo S. Verona, Gabriela Heliodoro and Denise M. Nogueira

In this manuscript  we used two genetic methodologies to identify chimerism in marmosets considered as hybrids according to their phenotypes. Cytogenetic analyses were used to observe the karyotype and PCR to amplify a segment of the SRY gene mainly in females. The samples were collected in the field and in captivity in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We conducted an extensive literature review addressing biological, ecological and behavioral concepts evaluating chimerism in a sample of Callithrix sp. for the first time.

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BIOMEDICALL SCIENCES  

21 - Evaluation of phenolic compounds and lipid-lowering effect of Morus  nigra leaves extract
Authors: Ana Lúcia B. Zeni, Tatianne D. Moreira, Ana Paula Dalmagro, Anderson Camargo, Larissa A. Bini, Edésio L. Simionatto and Dilamara Riva Scharf

Morus nigra L. leaves extract (MN) have been used popularly to treat diabetes, high cholesterol and menopause symptoms. The phenolic profile and the hypolipidemic effect comparing to the fenofibrate were evaluated. The phenolic acids, gallic, chlorogenic and caffeic and the flavonoids quercetin, rutin and catechin were found in the MN. The hyperlipidemic rats treated with the extract decreased serum cholesterol, triglycerides and normalized the lipoproteins, as well as, inhibited lipid peroxidation in the rats’ liver, kidney and brain. These evidences suggest a potential therapeutic effect of the MN, mainly chlorogenic acid, on the dislipidemic condition including oxidative stress.

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22 - Antifungal activities of the essential oil and its fractions rich in sesquiterpenes from leaves of Casearia sylvestris Sw.
Authors: Flaviane G. Pereira, Ronaldo Marquete, Levy T. Domingos, Marco E.N. Rocha, Antonio Ferreira-Pereira, Elisabeth Mansur and Davyson L. Moreira

Casearia sylvestris Sw. is known as “guaçatonga”, “erva-de-tiú”, “cafezinho-do-mato” and it is used as a medicinal plant according to ethnobotanical surveys.In this work, it has been studied the antifungal properties of the essential oil of C. sylvestris leaves, as well as of their fractions, against four yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisae, Candida albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei) for the first time. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil allowed the characterization of 21 compounds and the main compound identified was α-humulene; on the other hand, the main compound of fraction 1-6 was 14-hydroxy-9-epi-b-caryophyllene which inhibited the growth of these strains. Thus, oxygenated sesquiterpene 14-hydroxy-9-epi-b-caryophyllene presented a good action against fungi.

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23 - Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Regiane Gonçalves, Vanessa E.S.  Ayres, Carlos E. Carvalho, Maria G.M. Souza, Anderson C. Guimarães, Geone M. Corrêa, Carlos H.G. Martins, Renata Takeara, Eliane O. Silva and Antônio E.M. Crotti

The essential oil of Vitex agnus-castus leaves collected in the North of Brazil displayed promising activity against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and Streptococcus mitis, which cause dental caries and dental plaque. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values against these cariogenic bacteria were 15.6 μg/mL, 15.6 μg/mL and 31.2 μg/mL, respectively. The efficacy of this essential oil against S. mutans is noteworthy and should be further investigated.

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HEALTH SCIENCES  

24 - Evaluation of the anti-osteoporotic effect of Ginkgo biloba L. in Wistar rats with glucocorticoid-induced-osteoporosis by bone densitometry using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and mechanical testing
Authors: Leda M.F. Lucinda, Beatriz J.V. Aarestrup, Maycon M. Reboredo, Thais D.A. Pains, Raphael Z. Chaves, João E.P. Reis, Mário J.Q. Louzada and Martha O. Guerra

The Ginkgo biloba L. is a plant currently used by the population in different therapeutically approaches. However, there is lack of pre-clinical studies and no clinical study using Ginkgo in the treatment of osteoporosis, the few existing pre-clinical studies have showed promising results in the management of osteoporosis.  The present study evaluated the effect of the extract of Ginkgo in the bone alkaline phosphatase, bone mineral density, in the mechanical properties of the tibia in rats with glucocorticoid-induced-osteoporosis. Our main findings were that Ginkgo was capable to restore bone alkaline phosphatase and bone mineral density of rats with glucocorticoid-induced-osteoporosis.

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25 - Implementation of dental specialty centers: a descriptive analysis of the current status in the Brazilian territory
Authors: Laura Estery, Graziela O. Cericato, Lilian Rigo, Sigmar M. Rode, Igor F.P. Lima and Luiz R.Paranhos

The creation and implementation of Dental Specialty Centers (Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas - CEO) stands out. Their main objective is to maximize and qualify the coverage of medium-complexity care in public oral healthcare, especially in the fields of diagnosis and detection of mouth cancer, periodontics, minor oral surgery, endodontics, and care for patients with special needs. This study aimed to assess the current implementation status of CEOs in Brazil up to November 2015. There were 1019 CEOs implemented in Brazil, and although presenting an evolutionary aspect in the implementation of CEOs, the implementation of medium-complexity care in Brazil is disorganized.

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26 - The influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol used for pain control of orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review
Authors: Adriano S. Corrêa, Vinícius L. de Almeida, Beatriz M.V. Lopes, Ademir Franco, Felipe R. de Matos, Lucindo J. Quintans-Júnior, Sigmar M. Rode and Luiz R. Paranhos

Biomechanics behind the orthodontic tooth movement depends on several aspects, such as the type of orthodontic system applied, patient’s biological response and even the drugs used for pain control during the treatment. On the other hand, the influence of these drugs on tooth movement was uncertain in the scientific literature. This scenario justified a systematic review to investigate in detail how non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol act within the orthodontic treatment. The present study supported the clinical practice showing that NSAIDs may lead to a delay in orthodontic treatment, while paracetamol does not seem to influence on tooth movement. 

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27 - Accuracy of linear measurements performed with two imaging software in cone-beam computed tomography scans of dry human mandibles
Authors: Alessandro A.L.S. Silva, Ademir Franco. Ângela Fernandes, Claudio Costa, Jorge S. Barbosa and Fernando H. Westphalen

Optimal clinical performances in Dentistry depend considerably on the treatment plan. Specifically in Implantology, linear measurements are taken prior to surgical procedures to avoid injuries in the Inferior Alveolar Nerve. In the last decades, computed tomography improved significantly the visualization of bone morphological through a three-dimensional image registration. Consequently, more accurate linear measurements were possible. The present study tested two software packages for the navigation and manipulation of cone-beam (CBCT) and multislice (MSCT) computed tomography scans. The measurements taken with the software were compared to those taken manually with a caliper. Both softwares were reliable for planning implants in Dentistry.

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28 - Perception, knowledge and attitudes of Brazilian orthodontists on the treatment of Class II malocclusions
Authors: Armando K. Kaieda, Igor F.P. Lima, Marco Antônio Scanavini, Raildo S. Coqueiro, Matheus M. Pithon, Sigmar M. Rode and Luiz Renato Paranhos

Class II malocclusion figures as one of the main reasons behind the search for orthodontic treatment. Yet the search for treatment is justified on the aesthetics, functional and psychological sequel inherent to the malocclusion. The several protocols available for treatment lead to uncertainty on the ideal age and appliances for intervention. Exploring the knowledge, perception and attitudes of Brazilian Orthodontics on this malocclusion is essential to support a reflection on the treatment plan in the clinical practice.

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29 - Life-long Maternal Cafeteria Diet Promotes Tissue-Specific Morphological Changes in Male Offspring Adult Rats
Authors: Carolyne D.S. Santos, Sandra L. Balbo, Ana T.B. Guimarães, Sara C. Sagae Fabio Negretti and Sabrina Grassiolli

Adult offspring rats from dams that received cafeteria (CAF) diet displayed normal White Adipose Tissue (WAT) and Brow Adipose Tissue (BAT) morphology, but present an increase in lipids accumulation in the liver. The post-weaning exposure to the CAF diet leads to metabolic syndrome in offspring with adipocyte hypertrophy in WAT and deposition of fat in the liver and BAT. Pre and post-weaning CAF diet association attenuated the obesity and improved glucose and triglycerides levels in adult offspring. This protector effect was not observed in BAT and liver, suggesting that the impact of the maternal obesogenic diet on offspring is tissue-specific.

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30 - Mentha pulegium crude extracts induce thiol oxidation and potentiate hemolysis when associated to t-butyl hydroperoxide in human's erythrocytes
Authors: Matheus C. Bianchini, Dennyura O. Galvão, Tatiana Tamborena, Claudia O. Alves and Robson L. Puntel

In this study we tested the hypothesis that aqueous (AE) and ethanolic (EE) extracts of Mentha pulegium could modulate the damage associated to t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) exposure in human erythrocytes. We found that both extracts, when associated to t-BHP, increase thiol oxidation and hemolysis, besides protecting against t-BHP-induced lipid peroxidation. Taking together, our data points that the association of M. pulegium extracts with t-BHP culminates in toxic effect to erythrocytes. Importantly, M. pulegium AE was prepared to mimic beverage consumed by people, tentatively to increase the impact/relevance of the findings.

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31 - Evaluation of the impact of pharmaceutical care for tuberculosis patients in a Secondary Referral Outpatient Clinic, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Andreza R.V. Lopes, Silvana S. de Miranda, Maria das Graças B. Ceccato, Micheline R. Silveira, Natália H. de Resende and Wânia S. Carvalho

Pharmaceutical care is a professional practice seeking the responsible provision of drug therapy by identifying, resolving, and preventing Drug-Related Problems (DRP).  The study aims to describe and evaluate the impact of pharmaceutical care given to patients being treated for tuberculosis. The impact of pharmaceutical care was important, so the pharmacist should work alongside the multidisciplinary team to monitor treatment and perform interventions.

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32 - Biomarkers as predictors of mortality in critically ill patients with solid tumors.
Authors: Audrey M. dos Reis, Ana V.G. Fruchtenicht, Luiza C. de Athaydes, Sergio Loss and Luis Fernando Moreira

The oncologic patients’ follow-up is still obscure in Intensive Care Unit because they may have different metabolic responses. Biomarkers can be a solution. They are usually taken and do not represent additional costs to the hospital. Here we report findings that reinforce the predictive value of electrolyte control on life maintenance. Based on an assessment of 130 patients we demonstrated that association of solid tumors neoplasms, presence of sepsis and alteration in serum magnesium levels resulted in increased chances of mortality in critically ill patients under intensive care.

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AGRARIAN SCIENCES  

33 - Interactive effects of genotype x environment on the live weight of GIFT Nile tilapias
Authors: Sheila N. de Oliveira, Ricardo P. Ribeiro, Carlos A.L. de Oliveira, Luiz Alexandre Filho, Aline M.S. Oliveira, Nelson M. Lopera-Barrero, Victor F.A. Santander and Renan A.C. Santana

The present study on genotype x environment interaction in fish is important to detect the degree of differences between the selection and production environments, implying different performance and, therefore, response to selection that is significantly lower or higher than expected. It has been found that animals identified as enhancers in a given environment are not necessarily the best performers when their progeny are raised under conditions other than the environment in which those animals were selected. Three different tilapia production sites were evaluated, using half brothers and sisters, the results are relevant for the selection of this species.

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34 - Phosphate solubilization by endophytic bacteria isolated from banana trees
Authors: Amanda D.M. Matos, Izabela C.P. Gomes, Silvia Nietsche, Adelica A. Xavier, Wellington S. Gomes, José A. dos Santos Neto and Marlon C.T. Pereira

The endophytic bacteria isolated from banana tree roots exhibited in vitro phosphate solubilization capacity. Of the 40 isolates assessed, 68.9% solubilized P in solid medium supplemented with tricalcium phosphate. The capacity to mineralize P from soy lecithin in solid media was confirmed in 7.5%. The isolate EB.78 (Bacillus sp.) was classified as high solubilizer, presented acid phosphatase activity and induced a significant reduction in the pH of the culture medium.

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35 - Effects of temperature on the feeding behavior of Alabama argillacea (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Bt and non-Bt cotton plants
Authors: Francisco S. Ramalho, Jéssica K.S. Pachú, Aline C.S. Lira, José B. Malaquias, Bárbara D.S. Brito, José C. Zanuncio and Francisco S. Fernandes

It is the first study that sets the differences in the feeding behavior of neonate Alabama argillacea larvae exposed to Bt and non-Bt cotton plants, under different temperatures and time gap after hatching. The feeding behavior of A. argillacea is different between Bt and non-Bt cotton. A. argillacea larvae show feeding preference for non-Bt cotton plants in comparison to that on the Bt. Temperature and exposure time affects detection capacity and plant abandonment by A. argillacea larvae and it results in lower ingestion of vegetal tissues. The results are relevant to handle the resistance of Bt cotton cultivars to A. argillacea.

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36 - Efficiency of essential oils of Ocimum basilicum and Cymbopogum flexuosus in the sedation and anaesthesia of Nile tilapia juveniles
Authors: José D. Limma Netto, Rebeca S.M. Oliveira and Carlos Eduardo Copatti

This study provides information about essential oils from basil (basilibasilicaB)and lemongrass (Cymbopogum flexuosus) (EOCF)as a sedative and anaesthetic in Nile tilapia. Nile tilapia can be sedated with 10-25 µL L^-1 for both essential oils. Fish anesthetised with 400 μL L^-1 for EOOB and 600 μL L^-1 for EOCF achieved best performance. The use of EOOB and EOCF is efficient and promising for fish farming activities.

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37 - Agronomic viability of New Zealand spinach and kale intercropping
Authors: Arthur B. Cecílio Filho, Matheus S. Bianco, Caroline F. Tardivo and Gabriel  C.M. Pugina

The intercropping is a production system that aims to increase yield with less environmental impact, due to greater efficiency in the use of natural resources and inputs involved in the production process. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the agronomic viability of kale and New Zealand spinach intercropping as a function of the spinach transplanting time. The New Zealand spinach does not affect kale yield, but the kale causes yield loss to the spinach. However, the intercropping between these species showed to be agronomically feasible, as it provides in 1 hectare, an amount of kale and spinach corresponding to 1.71 hectare of the monocultures.

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38 - Histopatology of the reproductive tract of Nellore pubertal heifers with genital ureaplasmosis
Authors: Regiani Pôrto, Benedito Oliveira Filho, Henrique Ferraz, Luciano Caixeta, Marco Antonio Viu and Maria Lúcia Gambarini

This study was performed to characterize the lesions in the reproductive tract of Nellore heifers naturally infected with Ureaplasma diversum and presenting any grade of granular vulvovaginitis. Macro and microscopic lesions were evaluated and presented characteristics of acute inflammatory processes. The findings are consistent with injuries that compromise the environment from the local where a spermatozoon acquires ability to fertilize an oocyte until those where the oocyte is fertilized. We concluded that animals with granular vulvovaginitis should be identified in the herd, because of the reduction in the fertility rates and because they can contribute to disseminate the microorganism.

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39 - Moderate pathogenic effect of Ligophorus uruguayense (Monogenoidea, Ancyrocephalidae) in juvenile mullet Mugil liza (Actinopterygii, Mugilidae) from Brazil
Authors: Eduardo Pahor-Filho, Marta C. Klosterhoff, Natalia C. Marchiori and Joaber Pereira Júnior

The current article aims to ascertain relationship among mullets and its parasites. Estuarine mullets (Liza)Lizae collected in an estuary, reared in laboratory, for three weeks, and forwarded for histological and parasitological analyses. Ligophorus uruguayense (Monogenoidea) infestation in the gills of the mullets was identified. Mullets submitted to histological analysis exhibited respiratory epithelium detachment; mild, moderate and severe hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelium; atrophy; and telangiectasia of the gills. It is possible to accept that L. uruguayense is moderately pathogenic to M. liza, even during high prevalence and intensity of infestation, as a result of its specificity.

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40 - In vitro antiparasitary activity and chemical composition of the essential oil of Protium ovatum leaves (Burceraceae)
Authors: Elisângela B.B. Estevam, Isabella P.B. de Deus, Vanessa P. da Silva, Elizabeth A.J. da Silva, Cassia C.F. Alves, José Milton Alves, Cristiane M. Cazal, Lizandra G. Magalhães, Mariana C. Pagotti , Viviane R. Esperandim,  Alex F. Souza and Mayker L.D. Miranda

Leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis are globally widespread parasitic diseases which have been responsible for high mortality rates. In this study, the chemical composition and antiparasitic activity of the essential oil from Protium ovatum leaves against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi and the promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis were evaluated. The essential oil was promising against trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi and L. amazonensis promastigotes. The major constituents were spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, β-caryophyllene and myrcene. In addition, the essential oil from P. ovatum leaves had moderate cytotoxicity against LLCMK₂ adherent epithelial cell at the concentration range under analysis.

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41 - Photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency in Ricinus communis (L.) under drought stress in semi-humid and semi-arid áreas
Authors: Claudiana M. dos Santos, Laurício Endres, Vilma M. Ferreira, José V. Silva, Eduardo V. Rolin and Humberto C.L. Wanderley Filho

This study aimed to understand some of the mechanisms involved in drought tolerance of castor beans cultivated in semi-humid and semi-arid areas. The main results indicated that this crop use a compensatory mechanisms of drought tolerance as stomatal closure, maintenance of photosynthetic capacity, and integrity of the photosynthetic apparatus, allowing it to survive well in soil with low water availability.

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42 - Tannic extract potential as natural wood preservative of Acacia mearnsii
Authors: Amanda G. da Silveira, Elio J. Santini, Stela M. Kulczynski, Rômulo Trevisan, Arci D. Wastowski and Darci A. Gatto

The toxicological power of chemical compounds produced by plants is one of the scientific questions that need to be clarified to evaluate the use of its bioactivity to the detriment of classical treatments. Thus, this work evaluates the potential of the natural extract of Acacia mearnsii, tannin, as a natural preservative of wood. The tannic extract presented satisfactory performance compared to the industrial preservatives, indicating the potential of the extract in the preservation of wood.

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43 - Gas exchange and antioxidant activity in seedlings of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. under different water conditions
Authors: Derek B.C.J. Rosa, Silvana P.Q. Scalon, Thais Cremon, Felipe Ceccon and Daiane M. Dresch

Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. presents medicinal properties of its oil, being among the species suffering extractivism of predatory mode, being of fundamental importance and agronomic information of acclimatization to ensure its ex situ cultivation. For better use of available water resources, the aim of this work is to evaluate photosynthetic metabolism and antioxidant enzymes of seedlings grown under different water availability. The seedlings have a higher efficiency of gas exchange, photoassimilates production and water use as well as maintenance of the photosynthetic apparatus when grown on substrate with 75% of the water-holding capacity in the substrate.

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44 - Physiological response and productivity of safflower lines under water deficit and rehydration
Authors: Fernanda P.A.P. Bortolheiro  and Marcelo A. Silva

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an oil crop highly adaptable to various environmental conditions. Water deficit has been the main factor limiting the productivity of crops. The selection of drought tolerant safflower lines by means of physiological and production traits was proposed. Photosynthetic pigments, electrolyte leakage and plant water relations were important in the selection of safflower lines. The lines diversify in their physiology and productivity in terms of drought tolerance.

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45 - Pollen morphology and viability in Bromeliaceae
Authors: Everton H. Souza, Fernanda V.D. Souza, Mônica L. Rossi, Renan M. Packer, Maria Amelia V. Cruz-Barros and Adriana P. Martinelli

Bromeliads represent an important component of the ecosystems. In addition to their ecological importance, as well as their intrinsic value, bromeliads are important as ornamental plants and high market acceptance worldwide. This study aimed to characterize the pollen morphology of 18 Bromeliaceae species, from five genera, by means of light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and to evaluate male fertility of these species with ornamental potential. The results obtained in our study provide support for characterization of the species and the taxonomy of this family as well as for genetic breeding programs and conservation of these species.

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46 - Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with Arabica coffee and geographical distribution in the neotroopical region
Authors: Maurício J. Fornazier, David S. Martins, Maria Cristina G. de Willink, Victor D. Pirovani, Paulo S.F. Ferreira and José C. Zanuncio

Scale insects are important coffee pests in Brazil. This research aimed to verify the geographical distribution of scale insect species (Hemiptera:Coccoidea) associated with Arabica coffee in the two main Brazilian states coffee producers, Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais. Forty- seven species have been found occurring in Arabica coffee, in Espírito Santo (28) and Minas Gerais (23). Eight species were associated with Arabica coffee in both States. The species Alecanochiton marquesi and Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis are for the first time reported in Minas Gerais, and Coccus alpinus in Espírito Santo. Scale insect species associated with Arabica coffee in the Neotropics are listed.

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47 - Bioethanol production with different dosages of the commercial Acrylamide polymer compared to a Bioextract in clarifying sugarcane juice.
Authors:, Cristhyane M. Freita, Lidyane A. Freita, Letícia F. Tralli, Aline F. Silva, Franciele Q. Mendes, Vitor Teixeira and Márcia J.R. Mutton

In this study Moringa Oleífera Lamarck was used as a natural bioflocculant in comparison to polymers in different dosages employed by the Alcohol industry, in the juice clarification for  etanol production, verifying its physical-chemical characteristics and fermentative efficiency. The moringa bioflocculant was similar in technological characteristics and fermentative viability compared to the usual dose of commercial polymer in Brazil. The fermentation efficiency was higher for this flocculant, followed by the moringa extract. The results obtained in this research reveal potential for the moringa bioflocculant, particularly in countries where flocculant doses are higher than 5 mg. L^-1.

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48 - Thidiazuron (TDZ) increases fruit set and yield of ‘Hosui’ and ‘Packham’s Triumph’ pear trees
Authors: Mateus S. Pasa, Carina P. da Silva, Bruno Carra, Alberto F. Brighenti, André Luiz K. de Souza and José Luiz Petri

The low fruit set is one of the main factors leading to poor yield of pear orchards in Brazil. The exogenous application of plant growth regulators, such as thidiazuron (TDZ) and aminoethoxyvinilglycine (AVG) has shown promising results in some pear cultivars. We sprayed different rates of TDZ at full bloom on ‘Hosui’ and ‘Packham’s Triumph’ pears and AVG one week after full bloom only on ‘Hosui’. Yield components of both cultivars were consistently increased by TDZ, without negatively affecting fruit quality attributes. Our results are promising since they can potentially increase yield and profitability of pear orchards in Brazil.

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ENGINEERING SCIENCES  

49 - A Novel Porous Diamond – Titanium Biomaterial: Structure, Microstructure, Physico-Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility
Authors: Zulmira A.S. Guimarães, Renato A. Damatta, Renan S. Guimarães and Marcello Filgueira

Aiming at producing a new material to be used in cortical bone prosthetics, Ti-diamond composites were processed by powder metallurgy. Grade 1 titanium and mixtures of Ti powder with 2%, 5% and 10wt% diamond were compacted at 100MPa, and then sintered at 1250°C/2hr/10^-6mbar.  Microstructures, structures, yield strength and elastic modulus were studied. Results showed that the best addition of diamonds was 2 wt%, granting  a uniform porosity, 370MPa yield strength and 13.9GPa elastic modulus. In vitro cytotoxicity test  resulted in a biocompatible and nontoxic Ti and Ti-2% diamond.

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50 - Dynamic Analysis of the Temperature and the Concentration Profiles of an Industrial Rotary Kiln Used in Clinker Production
Authors: Diulia C.Q. Rodrigues, Atílio P. Soares Junior, Esly F. Costa Junior and Andréa O.S. Costa

One of the main steps of cement production is the clinker synthesis. In this paper, the dry process of clinker production in a rotary kiln that operates in counter flow is analyzed. The study proposed a mathematical model that realistically describes the temperature profile and the concentration of clinker components in a real rotary kiln. In addition, the influence of different speeds of inlet gas and solids in the system was analyzed. The proposal model is satisfactory to describe the temperature and concentration profiles of a real rotary kiln.

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Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences
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